Structure of Monoclonal Antibody
The structure of the monoclonal antibody is one of the simplest structures. The structure of the monoclonal antibody is a “Y” shaped structure. This is entirely made up of proteins. This structure can’t be divided further structure. But there are two chains present. these chains are the protein chains. And these have structural differences.
- Heavy Chain: This is the lower part of the monoclonal antibi. This is the part where only a vertical chain is present. this chain is known as the Heavy Chain. As this chain can’t able to move or do any processes. This chain is the indicator that the antibody has successfully attached to the antigen. After successfully attaching to the antigen, the heavy chain is only exposed. So, there is no change to remove the antibody from there. This is known as the constant region. As there is no need to change this part with different foreign elements.
- Light Chain: Light chains are the main player of the monoclonal antibody. This is the upper part of the monoclonal antibody. There is a total of four arms in these regions. On both sides, there are two arms. These arms help to bond with the antigen. Only with a single arm, the antibody can’t able to bond with it. This region is known as the variable region. As these region needs to be changed with different antigens. Only a special type of antigen can bind with this spot. Different antibodies are required for different antigens. There are hinges in the connecting area of those two pairs of bonds.
Monoclonal Antibody
The human immune system is strange. it is such a complicated system that can’t be imagined. It is a well-developed process in the human body. Whenever any foreign element inserts into the human body, the immune cells start acting. It starts operations on the foreign elements & destroys them within the body. It is a complicated structure. Whenever there is any threat from the foreign element, it is considered as the antigen. The element that is not a part of the body. And the substances that help to destroy the antigen are known as the antibody. The monoclonal antibody is one type of that.
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