Raoult’s Law and Dalton’s Law in Distillation
For a solution containing a mixture of liquids, the distillation process is dependent on Dalton’s law and Raoult’s law.
Raoult’s law states that the partial pressure of any specific liquid in an ideal liquid mixture equals the product of the vapour pressure of the pure liquid component and its mole fraction. Also, Dalton’s law of partial pressures states that the total pressure exerted by the mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of all the individual gases collectively.
Combining both laws we can state that, if a mixture of liquids is heated, the vapour pressure of the individual components of liquid increases, which increases the overall vapour pressure. Thus, it is safe to say that, a mixture cannot have multiple boiling points. This concept is used to separate liquid mixtures.
Distillation
Distillation is the method of separating mixtures, in which the conversion of a liquid into vapour is afterwards condensed back to liquid form. distillation method is used for the purification of metals. Distillation is preferable where both solid and liquid have to be extracted from the solution. Also known as simple distillation, it is based on the differences noticed in the volatility and corresponding vapour pressures observed in the components of a mixture.
In this article, we will learn about, Distillation Definition, Distillation Process, Types of Distillation and others in detail.
Table of Content
- What is Distillation?
- Distillation Process
- Equipment needed for Distillation
- Principle of Distillation
- Types of Distillation
- Applications of Distillation
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