Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology

Among the enzymes that facilitate cutting, synthesis, and binding are restriction enzymes, polymerases, and ligases. 

The restriction enzymes used in recombinant DNA technology have a significant impact on where the intended gene is inserted into the vector genome. The two types are endonucleases and exonucleases.

• The exonucleases remove the nucleotides off the ends of the strands, whereas the endonucleases cut within the DNA strand. 
• The restriction endonucleases are sequence-specific and cut the DNA at predetermined locations. These sequences are typically palindrome sequences. 

They examine the DNA’s overall length and remove a particular region known as a restriction site. As a result, the sequence develops sticky ends. The same restriction enzymes are used to cut both the vectors and the desired genes, resulting in complementary sticky notes. 

This makes it simple for the ligases to bind the desired gene to the vector. 

The desired gene is carried by and integrated into the vectors. They are the primary means by which the desired gene is transferred into the host organism, making them a crucial component of the recombinant DNA technology’s instruments. The most popular vectors employed in recombinant DNA technology are bacteriophages and plasmids because of their high copy numbers. The components of the vectors are the origin of replication, which is a sequence of nucleotides from which the replication begins, a selectable marker, which consists of genes that exhibit resistance to specific antibiotics like ampicillin, and cloning sites, which are the locations where desired DNAs are inserted and are recognized by restriction enzymes.

The organism is used as the host, into which the recombinant DNA is inserted. The host, which accepts the vector created with the required DNA with the aid of enzymes, is the ultimate tool of recombinant DNA technology. These recombinant DNAs can be introduced into the host in several ways, including microinjection, biolistics or gene gun, alternate cooling, and heating, usage of calcium ions, etc.

DNA is a collection of molecules that is in charge of transporting and passing genetic information from parents to offspring. DNA is the genetic material of a cell that carries information from generation to generation. It is essential for the survival of the cell. For the betterment of an individual scientists evolve new methods for the benefit or to cure diseases.