The Crisis of the Fourteenth Century
In Europe, economic growth slowed down due to three main reasons:
- In Northern Europe, by the late thirteenth century, the warm summers of the previous 300 years were replaced by bitterly cold ones. This led to a shorter growing season for crops, reducing agricultural productivity.
- Trade was affected by a severe shortage of metal currency. This shortage resulted from decreased output from silver mines in Austria and Serbia. To cope with this, governments reduced the silver content of currency and mixed it with cheaper metals.
- Ships carrying goods from distant lands brought with them rats infected with the deadly bubonic plague, also known as the Black Death. This pandemic wreaked havoc on European populations, causing widespread death and economic disruption.
The Three Orders Class 11 History Notes
During the 9th to 16th centuries, after the Roman Empire declined, Europe faced challenges like political disunity and conflict. German tribes often fought each other for control of land. To restore peace and organize society, Europeans created the Three Orders system. Over time, adjustments were made to better meet the needs of society.
The book “Feudal Society and the Idea” by Marc Bloch provides further insight into European society during this period. In this article, you will find all the important notes related to the Class 11 Chapter, “The Three Orders”, specially curated by a team of experts at w3wiki.
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