Karyotypes and Genetic Mapping
Karyotype represents the complete set of chromosomes of an individual, organized by size, shape, and banding pattern. It provides details about the chromosome count of an organism and how these chromosomes appear under a microscope. Karyotyping is a test to examine chromosomes in cells. It creates a photograph of chromosomes during mitosis or meiosis, providing a snapshot of cell division called a karyogram. It also provides information regarding the number, structure, length, and position of the chromosome. It is also used to identify abnormalities in chromosomes like Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, Philadelphia chromosome, Trisomy 18, and Turner syndrome.
Gene mapping refers to the techniques used to identify a gene’s location and distance between genes. The distances between various sites inside a gene can also be described through gene mapping. Genome mapping involves using several molecular markers at specific locations on the genome. It is of two types: Linkage mapping which show the location of each gene on a chromosome and their relative distances from one another and physical mapping provide the actual DNA base pair distances between landmarks.
Chromosomes Structure and Functions
Chromosomes are thread-like structures found in the nucleus. They consist of proteins and DNA that are arranged into specific sequences for specific traits. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent. The most important function of chromosome is to carry the genetic material from one cell generation to the next. The basic shape of chromosomes is rod-shaped consisting of a centromere and arms. During cell division, chromosomes divide and ensure the distribution of genetic material to daughter cells.
The function of chromosome includes the transfer of genetic information from one generation to another, protein synthesis, cellular replication, and gene regulation. In this article, we will study What is chromosome, the discovery of chromosomes, the structure of chromatin, the structure of chromosomes, the function of chromosomes, types of chromosomes, Human chromosomes and Karyotypes, and Genetic mapping.
Table of Content
- What is a Chromosome?
- Discovery of Chromosome
- Structure of Chromosome
- Structural Organization of Chromatin
- Functions of Chromosome
- Types of Chromosomes
- Human Chromosomes
- Karyotypes and Genetic Mapping
- FAQs – Chromosomes and Their Function
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