Chromosomes and Their Function
What is a Chromosome?
The chromosome is a thread-like structure present in the nucleus of a cell. It is made up of protein and DNA. It carries genetic information from parent cell to offspring.
What is the Difference Between Autosomes and Allosomes?
Autosomes are non-sex chromosomes that determine somatic traits. Allosomes, on the other hand, are sex chromosomes (X and Y in humans) that determine an individual’s sex.
Is Chromosome called DNA?
No, DNA is the individual unit that helps in the formation of chromatin. Multiple chromatin fibers condense together to form the chromosomes.
Who Discovered Chromosomes?
Chromosomes were first discovered by Walther Flemming in the year 1882. Earlier in 1842, German biologist Karl Wilhelm found ‘idioplasm’ which is now known as chromosome.
What are the Four Types of Chromosomes?
Depending on the location of the centromere on the chromosomes, they are of four types: metacentric, submetacentric, acrocentric, and telocentric.
Chromosomes Structure and Functions
Chromosomes are thread-like structures found in the nucleus. They consist of proteins and DNA that are arranged into specific sequences for specific traits. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent. The most important function of chromosome is to carry the genetic material from one cell generation to the next. The basic shape of chromosomes is rod-shaped consisting of a centromere and arms. During cell division, chromosomes divide and ensure the distribution of genetic material to daughter cells.
The function of chromosome includes the transfer of genetic information from one generation to another, protein synthesis, cellular replication, and gene regulation. In this article, we will study What is chromosome, the discovery of chromosomes, the structure of chromatin, the structure of chromosomes, the function of chromosomes, types of chromosomes, Human chromosomes and Karyotypes, and Genetic mapping.
Table of Content
- What is a Chromosome?
- Discovery of Chromosome
- Structure of Chromosome
- Structural Organization of Chromatin
- Functions of Chromosome
- Types of Chromosomes
- Human Chromosomes
- Karyotypes and Genetic Mapping
- FAQs – Chromosomes and Their Function
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