Human Chromosomes
In humans, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes present, thus total 46. These 23 pairs of chromosomes can be divided into two types: autosomes and allosomes. The first 22 pairs are autosomes, and the last 23rd pair is the allosome, or sex chromosome. The sex chromosomes, X and Y, determine an individual’s biological sex: XX for females and XY for males in humans. Each chromosome contains highly condensed and coiled DNA consisting of millions of gene sequences. Chromosomal aberrations occur when there is change in number or structure of chromosomes which can lead to various genetic disorders, such as Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and Turner syndrome.
Chromosomes Structure and Functions
Chromosomes are thread-like structures found in the nucleus. They consist of proteins and DNA that are arranged into specific sequences for specific traits. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent. The most important function of chromosome is to carry the genetic material from one cell generation to the next. The basic shape of chromosomes is rod-shaped consisting of a centromere and arms. During cell division, chromosomes divide and ensure the distribution of genetic material to daughter cells.
The function of chromosome includes the transfer of genetic information from one generation to another, protein synthesis, cellular replication, and gene regulation. In this article, we will study What is chromosome, the discovery of chromosomes, the structure of chromatin, the structure of chromosomes, the function of chromosomes, types of chromosomes, Human chromosomes and Karyotypes, and Genetic mapping.
Table of Content
- What is a Chromosome?
- Discovery of Chromosome
- Structure of Chromosome
- Structural Organization of Chromatin
- Functions of Chromosome
- Types of Chromosomes
- Human Chromosomes
- Karyotypes and Genetic Mapping
- FAQs – Chromosomes and Their Function
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