Gas Chromatography

Chromatography Definition

Chromatography is a technique used to affect the separation of two or more dissolved solids contained within a solution in very small quantities. In Greek, the word ‘chroma’ means colour and ‘graphein’ is used to indicate writing. Initially, the technique was used for the separation of colors....

Principles of Chromatography

The separation technique of chromatography is dependent on the principle of partitioning the constituent components between two phases – a Mobile Phase and a Stationary Phase. The mobile phase is used to indicate the mixture of the substances to be separated and dissolved in a liquid or a gas. The stationary phase is used to describe a porous solid matrix through which the sample present in the mobile phase percolates....

Types of Chromatography

Chromatography can be classified into different types based on the following categories based on the physical state of mobile and stationary phases. The different types of Chromatography are mentioned below:...

Adsorption Chromatography

Adsorption Chromatography is based on the differential rate of adsorption of the solute to the stationary phase. In Adsorption Chromatography the mobile phase is liquid or gas in which solute is dissolved. Depending on the component’s absorptivity, different solutes are adsorbed on the adsorbent to varying degrees in the adsorption chromatography process. The components with higher absorptivity are carried to a shorter distance than those with lower absorptivity in this case as well by moving a mobile phase over a stationary phase. Adsorption Chromatography is used in the identification of carbohydrates, and fats, separation and isolation of amino acids, antibiotics, etc....

Thin Layer Chromatography

Thin Layer Chromatography also called TLC Chromatography is used to separate non-volatile liquids using a thin stationary phase. As shown in the image above, the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) procedure uses a glass plate coated with a very thin layer of an adsorbent, such as silica gel or alumina, to separate the mixture of chemicals into its constituent parts....

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography also called HPLC Chromatography is a method in analytical chemistry to separate the components of a mixture and to identify and measure their quantity. This method was introduced by M.S. Tswett who was a botanist. A sample has two types of components named analyte and matrix. It is the analyte that we want to identify and quantify and the rest of the other components of the sample are called the Matrix....

Column Chromatography

Column Chromatography is used to separate a single compound dissolved in a chemical mixture. Column Chromatography is based on the principle of differential rate of adsorption. In this method, a Column is prepared by filling the tube with a solid porous absorbent which is the stationary phase. A fluid containing the solute is passed through this column. The fluid entering the column is called eluent and in between the column solute gets adsorbed after that the fluid exits the column which is called the elute....

Paper Chromatography (Partition Chromatography)

Partition Chromatography was introduced by Archer Martin and Richard Laurence. Partition Chromatography is used to separate the component from liquid-liquid phases. In Partition Chromatography, the retention factor is given by the distance travelled by the component from the mobile phase to the stationary phase and then back to the mobile phase. In Partition Chromatography one phase is polar and the other is non-polar. The difference in polarity leads to the separation of components....

Liquid Chromatography

Liquid Chromatography is a chromatographic technique in which the mobile phase is liquid. The solute is dissolved in the liquid mobile phase which is then passed through the column surrounded by the stationary phase or the plane over the stationary phase. The solute dissolved in the liquid phase gets adsorbed to the stationary phase depending on its interaction with the stationary phase. Liquid Chromatography is an essential tool when the mixture that is to be separated is colored. Depending on the components of chromatography Liquid Chromatography is of four types namely, Reversed Phase, Size Exclusion, Normal Phase, and Ion Exchange Chromatography....

Gas Chromatography

Gas Chromatography is a technique used to separate volatile components in the gas phase. Gas Chromatography is a chromatographic technique that uses an inert gas as the mobile phase. When the stationary phase is solid in Gas Chromatography then it is called Gas-Solid Chromatography while when a liquid on an inert layer is used as a stationary phase then it is called Liquid-Gas Chromatography....

Gas-Liquid Chromatography

We know that every Chromatography involves two types of phases named mobile phase and stationary phase. In Gas-Liquid Chromatography, the mobile is a gas like helium and the stationary phase is a liquid which is of high boiling point and is absorbed into a solid. The velocity of movement of a compound in the chromatography machine depends on the time it spent with the gas i.e. the mobile phase....

Applications of Chromatography

Here are some important uses and applications of Chromatography in our everyday life:...

FAQs on Chromatography

1. What is Chromatography?...