Use of  Nanoparticles

Nanoparticles can contribute special qualities to the materials prepared from them. These can be used in a particular way to prepare products that are suitable for a specific purpose. The materials prepared using nanoparticles are called nanomaterials. Nanomaterials have wide applications in a variety of sectors including industries, healthcare, consumer products, transport, and environmental purification. Some of the major applications of nanoparticles are explained as follows:
 

• Nanoparticles have played a very important role in biomedical applications which are called nanotherapeutics. This ensures clinical applications for chemotherapy drugs to cancerous growths and drug delivery to damaged arteries with improved efficacy. The improved drug delivery and targeted therapy in the body parts help in some of the treatments that become possible only because of nanoparticles. It has important applications in gene delivery, biomarker mapping, and molecular imaging. It also helps in the detection and diagnosis of diseases caused by biological agents.                   
• In the cosmetics industry, nanoparticles of certain minerals are used to prepare sunscreen products to provide long-term UV protection. They also have been put to use in making deodorants. 
• The properties of nanoparticles have been effectively utilized to make a composite material that is used to manufacture the modern rubber tire of vehicles. Its material is a composition of rubber and inorganic filler made by nanoparticles that reinforces the structure. The material is stronger, durable, and demonstrates better grip quality on the road surface. 
• Nanoparticles have found applications in the production of crack-resistant paints, dust-free coatings for walls, scratchproof sunglasses, stain-resistant fabrics, etc. Nanomaterials are also used to manufacture various household products such as dirt removers, degreasers, aerosol sprays, and air purifiers. 
• The sports industry products are also being made using nanoparticles to improve performance by providing qualities like lightweight, durability, and damage resistance.

As the name suggests, nanoparticles are very small size particles. The size of nanoparticles is in the range of 1 -100 nanometers. So any particles below 100 nm in size can be termed nanoparticles. These particles are found to be composed of a few hundred atoms. These small-sized particles of any material possess some distinct properties and qualities that are significantly different from the bulk material. Due to the very small size, the ratio of surface area to volume is much more in the case of a nanoparticle. This feature attributes to some unique optical, chemical, and physical properties. For example, particles of a metal having size less than 50 nm have different performance in terms of ductility as compared to the larger size of the same metal.