Types of Waste Disposal

Different type of waste disposal are given below:

1. Recycling

Recycling includes both material recycling, which is the extraction of raw materials from the trash, and direct recycling of old goods, such as discarded clothes and functional pieces taken out of used cars. There is a process known as downcycling through which waste products can be converted into product that will be low in quality in contrast to original product. There are so many waste products which can be recycled to make new products such as cold drink can, card boxes, paper, glasses, metals etc. Recycling also prevents soil pollution.

2. Incineration

Waste incineration facilities or garbage wood furnaces are used for thermal treatment of combustible household waste and waste wood that might not be suitable for recycling. Heat and electricity are produced by the process’s emitted heat. Organic pollutant-contaminated trash is subjected to a different kind of thermal treatment (e.g., in hazardous waste incineration plants). Professional trash disposal firms handle the garbage according to the incinerator plant’s specifications. This lowers the chances of injury and ensures that the fuel would be of the highest quality.

3. Chemical-physical and biological treatment

Chemical, Physical, and Biological treatments are used in case of polluted water treatment or in case of landfilling. Pollutants can be concentrated and disposed of in facilities designed for this purpose after undergoing chemical and physical treatment. Rivers, ponds or lakes are treated with such type of treatment.

4. Landfills

Wastes that are residual of any waste material which cannot be treated by any method or incinerated waste residues are treated with landfills methods. MCD waste management rules should be followed to dispose of waste in landfills. Waste material that cannot be directly landfilled should be pretreated before landfilling.

5. Generation of Biogas

Waste products including kitchen waste (peels of fruit and vegetabels), animal waste (cow dung), plant waste (dead plant or leaves) can be used to make biogas using different types of microoorganism such as bacteria and Fungi. These microbes utilize the waste disposal material as food and break them down to make simpler products. While performing this process, microbes produce gases that can be used as a fuel for cooking purpose. Waste product that was formed during this process can be used as biofertilizer in agricultural lands. Biogas process is an anaerobic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen.

6. Waste Compaction

Waste compaction is also a method to treat waste materials that includes breaking up the waste into tiny bits, pressing to combine it well, and arranging it to fill spaces. Garbage compaction reduces the quantity and size of waste, which eventually lessens environmental damage. This can be done on plastics, cold drinks can, paper etc.

7. Composting

Composting is one of the best methods in treating waste materials. It treats all organic waste, such as fruit and vegetable peels, food leftovers, and yard debris. In this method microorganism’s such as bacteria and fungi play a crucial role especially fungi because they are Saprophytic in nature (thrive on dead and decaying matter). These materials decompose over many days when buried and exposed to the action of bacteria, fungus, and other microbes. Decomposition occurs as a result and compost a material that resembles humus is produced. This compost may be beneficial for agricultural industry.

8. Vermicomposting

Vermicomposting, also referred to as Vermiculture, is a waste disposal technique that breaks down organic materials such as vegetable or food waste using earthworms, red wigglers, white worms, and other worms in the decomposition process. The final product produced by earthworms is called vermicast. Vermicast is rich in nutrients which are beneficial for plant growth.

9. Salvaging procedure

Materials that can be salvaged, recycled, and reused include metal, paper, glass, rags, and some forms of plastic.

10. Fermentation

Compost is generated from biodegradable trash, and recycling is permitted wherever practical. Appropriate techniques can be used to dispose of hazardous trash.

Waste disposal is the process of taking undesired materials produced by industry, home use, or agriculture and discarding, recycling, or destroying them. Ecological dangers and pollutants will be reduced if proper trash disposal procedures are followed. It is essential to manage waste properly, which includes collecting waste in the right way and using scientific treatments that could reduce air, soil, and water contamination.

Waste disposal is one of the aspects of Waste management. Waste management is classified into different types based on the type of waste. Solid Waste Management, E-waste management, and Biomedical Waste Management are examples of waste management.