Types of Plant Tissue Culture

There are different types of Tissue Culture Techniques and they are:

Seed Culture

In this Culture, seeds are used to initiate Plant Culture. This method is mostly used for sterile Plants i.e. Plants that have lost their ability to reproduce. Orchids are heavily cultivated using this culturing technique.

Protoplast Culture

In this culture Plant cells are isolated from their cell walls, resulting in naked, single cells known as protoplasts. Some scientific avenues that use protoplast Culture include genetic transformation, hybridization studies, and cell biology research.

Callus Culture

Callus is obtained when the explants are allowed to grow on a nutrient medium. Under favorable conditions, the callus can be used to develop any part of the Plant. The callus Culture is very sensitive i.e. it can easily be affected by growth conditions and media composition.

Embryo Culture

This Culture involves the isolation and cultivation of embryos from seeds i.e. seeds from the desired Plants species with embryos at the desired developmental stage are selected and Cultured to develop a whole Plant. Ripe seeds yield mature embryos, while immature embryos are obtained from seeds that did not germinate.

Organ Culture

This Culture includes the isolation and cultivation of entire Plant organs, such as roots, shoots, or leaves, under controlled conditions. This method is widely used to maintain or conserve the natural structure and function of a specific Plant part in its original state.

Plant Tissue Culture became a new addition to the Plant breeding strategies that emerged around the 1950s. Tissue Culture emerged as a significant advancement in breeding methods when traditional breeding techniques failed to meet the demands of crops. It utilizes Plant components to produce several clones of the original Plant quickly. The method takes advantage of a Plant’s totipotency, which allows any cell from any section of the Plant to be used to create a brand-new Plant.