Types of Mutations
Mutations are changes that occur in the DNA sequence of an organism. There are two main types of mutations:
Point Mutations
Point mutations occur when a single nucleotide is substituted for another nucleotide, inserted, or deleted. For example, if an A is substituted for a T in a codon that specifies a particular amino acid, the resulting protein may be altered. Point mutations can be either silent, meaning they don’t affect the amino acid sequence, or missense, meaning they change one amino acid to another. An example of point mutation is Sickle cell anaemia.
Frameshift Mutations
Frameshift mutations occur when nucleotides are inserted or deleted from a gene sequence, causing a shift in the reading frame of the codons. This can result in a completely different amino acid sequence downstream of the mutation. Frameshift mutations are usually more disruptive than point mutations and can lead to nonfunctional proteins.
Also Read: Mutation
Genetic Code and Mutations
Genetic code and mutations are important to understand and explain the central dogma of biology. The set of rules governing how DNA sequences are translated into proteins is the genetic code. The four nucleotide bases adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C), which are organized in particular sequences to produce genes, make up the genetic code.
Mutations are of different types based on what kind of changes occur in the genetic sequence. An amino acid sequence in a protein is determined by the nucleotide sequence in a gene. In this article, we will cover the genetic code and mutations.
Table of Content
- What is Genetic Code?
- What is Mutation?
- Types of Mutations
- How Do Mutation Affect Genetic Code?
- Genetic Code and Medicine
- Conculsion: Genetic Code and Mutations
- FAQs on Genetic Code and Mutations
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