RGL Package

The rgl package in R is a great tool for creating interactive 3D visualizations, which makes it ideal for representing complex relationships in multiple regression models. It enables users to explore data interactively, visualize regression planes, and customize plots, thereby enhancing the understanding of the relationships between multiple dependent and independent variables.

Steps in Creating 3D Plot

Let us see step by step, how we can create a 3D multiple regression graph in R using the rgl package.

Install and load the rgl package

First, we install and then load the RGL package in our R script.

The rgl Package in R provides us with various functionalities to customize our 3D plots.

Preparing Data

We’ll start by generating some sample data for demonstration purposes. Here we’ll create two independent variables, x1 and x2, and one dependent variable, y.

Replace this sample data with your own dataset when working on your specific analysis.

rnorm is the R function that simulates random variates having a specified normal distribution.

Fitting the Multiple Linear Regression Model

Next, we fit a multiple linear regression model to our data using the ‘lm’ function. This model will help us understand how x1 and x2 collectively influence the dependent variable y.

lm() function which stands for linear model. This function can be used to create a simple regression model. The same function can be used to generate linear regression model, with change of parameters.

The model is specified using the formula y ~ x1 + x2, where the dependent variable y is being estimated using two independent variables, x1 and x2, in a multiple linear regression analysis.

Creating the 3D Plot

Now, let’s create an interactive 3D plot using the rgl package. We’ll start by initializing an empty 3D plot, adding data points, and then visualizing the regression plane.

#Create an empty 3D plot

open3d()

#3d plot using the lm_model

plot3d(lm_model)

# Add a title

title3d(“Multiple Linear Regression 3D Plot”)

In this article, we are going to walk through the process of creating a 3D multiple regression graph using the rgl package in R programming language in detail.