New Religious Traditions
During the first century CE, Buddhism underwent changes in its doctrines and practices. While early Buddhism emphasized individual effort in attaining nibbana, the concept of a savior gradually emerged, suggesting that salvation could be ensured by a divine figure. Alongside this, the idea of the Bodhisattva developed, representing compassionate beings accumulating merit to aid others rather than seeking personal enlightenment. Worship of Buddha and Bodhisattva images became integral to this new tradition, termed Mahayana or the “great vehicle,” contrasting with the older tradition referred to as Hinayana or the “lesser vehicle.”
Similarly, concepts akin to a savior emerged in Hindu traditions such as Vaishnavism and Shaivism, where devotion and worship of chosen deities intensified. Vaishnavism, for instance, centered around the worship of Vishnu and his avatars, believed to incarnate to save the world from chaos and evil. This emphasis on devotion and salvation through divine intervention paralleled developments in Mahayana Buddhism. Additionally, sculptural representations of deities played a crucial role in conveying complex theological ideas, often drawing from Puranic narratives compiled by Brahmanas.
As religious practices evolved, so did architectural forms. Temples began to emerge alongside stupas, providing physical spaces for deity worship. Early temples consisted of simple square rooms housing divine images, gradually evolving into more elaborate structures with towering shikharas and intricate sculptures adorning their walls. Some early temples were even carved out of large rocks, resembling artificial caves. This architectural tradition reached its zenith with the construction of the Kailashnatha temple in the eighth century, showcasing the remarkable craftsmanship and dedication of artisans of that era.
Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings Cultural Developments| Class 12 History Notes
In this chapter, we embark on a journey spanning a millennium to explore the insights of philosophers as they sought to comprehend their world. We will delve into how their ideas were transmitted through oral and written texts, as well as expressed in architectural marvels and sculptures, reflecting the enduring impact of their thoughts on society.
Let us learn more about Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings Cultural Developments!
Contact Us