Irrigation
- Water is necessary for healthy growth and development.
- The roots of plants take in water. Minerals and fertilizers are absorbed in addition to water.
- Nearly 90% of plants are made of water. Because dry circumstances prevent seeds from germinating, water is necessary.
- Each component of the plant receives nutrients that have been dissolved in water.
- The crop is also shielded by water from both hot air currents and frost.
- Fields must be routinely watered to keep the soil moist for wholesome crop growth.
- Irrigation is the process of regularly supplying crops with water. Depending on the crop, the soil, the season, and the amount of irrigation needed, different times and frequencies are used.
Traditional Methods of Irrigation
Wells, tubewells, ponds, lakes, rivers, dams, and canals are some of the water sources used for irrigation.
- These techniques involve either using cattle or human effort.
- There are a number of conventional methods, including the following: (i) moat (pulley system), (ii) chain pump, (iii) dhekli, and (iv) rahat (lever system).
For elevating water, pumps are frequently utilized. These pumps are powered by diesel, biogas, electricity, and solar energy.
Modern Methods of Irrigation
Modern methods of irrigation help us to use water economically. The main methods used are as follows:
- Sprinkler System: When there is insufficient water, uneven land is where this approach is most useful.
- At regular intervals, the revolving nozzle-topped perpendicular pipes are connected to the main pipeline.
- Water escapes from the rotating nozzles when water is permitted to flow under pressure via the main pipe with the aid of a pump.
- For lawns, coffee plantations, and a variety of other crops, sprinklers are particularly useful.
- Drip system: Drop by drop, the water falls into this system just next to the roots, hence the name drip system.
- Watering trees, gardens, and fruit trees, is the optimum method.
- There is zero water waste. In areas with insufficient access to water, it is a blessing.
Also read: Irrigation
NCERT Notes Class 8 Science Chapter – 1: Crop Production and Management
NCERT Notes for Class 8 Science Chapter 1: Crop Production and Management: Crop production and management is a crucial aspect of agriculture. It involves the methods and techniques used to cultivate crops and ensure their proper growth, to obtain maximum yield. The process of crop production and management involves various elements such as soil preparation, sowing, irrigation, fertilization, pest control, and harvesting. Farmers and agriculturalists employ various scientific methods and technologies to ensure optimal crop production and management.
NCERT Class 8 Crop Production and Management: Effective crop production and management techniques are essential to ensure the highest possible yield while maintaining the quality of the crops. It is a vital aspect of agriculture as it plays a critical role in providing food and raw materials for various industries. In this regard, farmers and agricultural experts must constantly improve their knowledge and skills to ensure sustainable and profitable crop production and management practices. Through these notes, the students will be able to revise the NCERT Grade 8 chapter Crop Production and Management with ease.
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