Growth of Population

Population change refers to the difference in the number of people living in a specific area between two different points in time. This change is usually expressed as a percentage.

There are two main components to population change:

1. Natural growth: This is analyzed using the crude birth rate and crude death rate. The crude birth rate tells us how many babies are born per 1000 people in a population, while the crude death rate indicates the number of deaths per 1000 people.
2. Induced growth: This is calculated by considering immigration (people moving into the area) and outmigration (people moving out of the area).

For example, if a population has an annual growth rate of 2.4%, it means that the population increases by 2.4% each year. In 36 years, the population will double because it will have grown by 2.4% each year for 36 years.

Stages of Population Growth

Phase I (1901-1921): During this period, India experienced a stagnant phase in population growth. The growth rate was very low, and at times, even negative. High birth and death rates, driven by poor health services, widespread illiteracy, and inefficient food distribution systems, kept the population increase minimal.

Phase II (1921-1951): From 1921 to 1951, India witnessed steady population growth. Improvements in health and sanitation, alongside better transportation and communication, led to a decline in mortality rates. Despite challenges like the Great Depression and World War II, the birth rate remained high, resulting in increased growth compared to the previous phase.

Phase III (1951-1981): This period saw a population explosion due to a significant drop in mortality rates and sustained high fertility rates. Development initiatives after Independence improved living conditions. International migration, including from Tibet, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan, contributed to rapid growth.

Phase IV (Post-1981 till present): Since 1981, India’s population growth has been gradually slowing. Factors like delayed marriages and improved education, especially for women, have led to a decline in birth rates. Despite this, population growth remains high, with projections estimating India’s population to reach 1,350 million by 2025.

Chapter 1 Class 12 Geography Notes: Class 12 Geography notes for Chapter 1 on Population: Distribution, Density, Growth, and Composition are important for CBSE board exams. These notes explain things like where people live, how crowded an area is, how populations grow, and what makes up a population. Studying these notes will help students understand these topics well and do well in their Geography exams.

The Human Geography notes cover all the necessary topics that are extremely important for the examination 2024. It can save you time and will positively affect your results.