Components of Grammar of graphics

Typically, to build or describe any visualization with one or more dimensions, we can use the components as follows. 

• Data 
  Data is an essential component of graphical grammar. After all, it contains all the information that we need to visualize. Therefore, it is important to know what is the format of the data, and what information we are working with.
• Layer 
  Basically, a layer is something that you can relate to in real life as well. We can think of layers as a transparent sheet containing a graphic, which can be arranged and combined in a variety of ways.
• Geom 
  The visual display of geom is known as geom. A geom could be a line, point, or even a bar, pie, etc. We can display a lot of information by “layering” geoms.
• Scaling data 
  It is very useful to re-scale our data. Scaling data does not change the data, as per say, it just changes the viewpoint of the dataset. 

This grammar of graphics was first introduced in R, using ggplot and ggplot2. Considering its success in the past, it is also been introduced in Python as plotnine. 

A grammar of graphics is basically a tool that enables us to describe the components of a given graphic. Basically, what this allows us to see beyond the named graphics, (scatter plot, to name one) and to basically see the underlying statistics behind it. The grammar of graphics was originally introduced by Leland Wilkinson in the 1990s and was popularized by Hadley Wickham with ggplot.