Indian Mathematicians and Their Contributions ❤️

Indian Mathematicians and their Contributions are much more relevant and simultaneously significant in the modern context of development. Ancient to modern Indian mathematicians made immortal contributions to mathematics. They introduced concepts like the decimal system, zero, negative numbers, arithmetic, algebra, trigonometry, and much more. These are documented in the Sanskrit sutras that outline the different rules and problems related to mathematics.

In this article, we will discuss the famous Indian Mathematicians and Their Contributions in detail.

Let us discuss.

Indian Mathematicians and their Contributions

Table of Content

Indian Mathematicians and their Contributions – Overview
Top 7 Great Indian Mathematicians and Their Contributions
List of Famous Female Mathematicians of India
Famous Indian Mathematicians and their Inventions
List of the Best Indian Mathematicians in the World

Indian mathematicians have made so many significant contributions to the field of mathematics throughout history. They made so many classic contributions that spanned a diverse area. Their mathematical prowess left a long-lasting impact on the global mathematical landscape. Here is the detailed overview of those famous Indian mathematicians and Their Notable Contributions as mentioned below.

Indian Mathematicians and their Contributions – Overview
Mathematician Name	Contributions
Baudhayana	Approximation of the square root of 2. He proposed the he statement version of the Pythagorean Theorem.
Katyayana	Varttika, Vyakarana, later Sulba Sutras.
Pingala	Matrameru, binary numeral system, arithmetical triangle.
Aryabhata	Aryabhaṭiya, Arya-siddhanta
Varahamihira	Pancha-Siddhāntikā, Brihat-Samhita, Brihat Jataka
Yativrsabha	Wrote of the book Tiloyapannatti. It gives various units for measuring distances and time. Different concepts about infinity.
Brahmagupta	Zero, Brahmagupta’s theorem, Brahmagupta’s identity, Brahmagupta’s problem.
Bhaskara I	Sine approximation formula.
Shridhara	Rule for finding the volume of a sphere.
Mahavira	Highly approach to algebra. Emphasis on developing the techniques that are necessary to solve algebraic problems.
Pavuluri Maulana	Translated Ganitasara Samgraham into Telugu as Sara Sangraha Ganitamu.
Bhaskara II	Principles of differential calculus. Application to solve the astronomical problems.
Narayana Pandit	Arithmetical treatise also known as Ganita Kaumudi. The Algebraic treatise called Bijganita Vatamsa.
Madhava of Sangamagrama	Discovery of power series expansions of trigonometric functions; Notable works include Golavada, Madhyamanayanaprakara, Venvaroha.
Parameshvara	He discovered the drk-ganita. It is a mode of astronomy observations.
Nilakantha Somayaji	Notable works include Golasara, Candrachayaganita, Aryabhatiya-bhashya, Tantrasamgraha, Raghunatha Siromani.
Shankara Variyar	Notable works include Yukti-dipika, Laghu-vivrti, Kriya-kramakari.
Jyeshtadeva	Known for authorship of Yuktibhāṣā and Drkkarana.
Munishvara	Produced accurate sine tables.
Kamalakara	He proposed the combination of traditional Indian astronomy with Aristotelian physics and Ptolemaic astronomy.
Jagannatha Samrat	Notable works include Siddhanta-samrat, Yantra-prakara.
Radhanath Sikdar	Calculated height of Mount Everest.
Pathani Samanta	Known for Naked eye astronomy.
Ganesh Prasad	Established the culture of organised mathematical research in India.
Srinivasa Ramanujan	Known for various contributions including Landau–Ramanujan constant, Mock theta functions, Ramanujan conjecture, and more.
Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis	Mahalanobis distance, Feldman–Mahalanobis model.
Subbayya Sivasankaranarayana Pillai	Pillai’s conjecture, the Pillai’s arithmetical function and the Pillai prime.
Raj Chandra Bose	Known for various contributions including Association scheme, Bose–Mesner algebra, Euler’s conjecture on Latin squares, and more.
Samarendra Nath Roy	Known for multivariate analysis.
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar	Known for various contributions including Chandrasekhar limit, Chandra X-ray Observatory, and more.
S. S. Shrikhande	Known for Euler’s conjecture.
Prahladbhai Chunilal Vaidya	Known for Vaidya Metric, Vaidya–Patel solution, Einstein field equations.
Anil Kumar Gain	Known for Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, Vidyasagar University.
C. R. Rao	Cramér–Rao bound, the Rao–Blackwell theorem, the Orthogonal arrays and Score test.
Harish Chandra	Known for various contributions including Harish-Chandra’s c-function, character formula, homomorphism, and more.
Raghu Raj Bahadur	Bahadur efficiency, the Anderson–Bahadur algorithm, the Bahadur-Ghosh-Kiefer representation, etc.
Gopinath Kallianpur	Known for Fisher consistency.
Shreeram Shankar Abhyankar	Known for Abhyankar’s conjecture, lemma, Abhyankar–Moh theorem.
C.S. Seshadri	Known for Seshadri constant, Narasimhan–Seshadri theorem, standard monomial theory.
Vinod Behari Johri	Known for various contributions including power law inflation in Brans–Dicke theory, Theory of integrated tracking of quintessence fields, and more.
K. R. Parthasarathy	Known for Quantum stochastic calculus.
Veeravalli S. Varadarajan	Known for Trombi–Varadarajan theorem.
Vasanti N. Nayak	Known for Combinatorial design and Graph Theory.
Srinivasa Varadhan	Known for Martingale problems, large deviation theory.
Vashishtha Narayan Singh	Known for Reproducing Kernels and Operators with a Cyclic Vector.
Siddani Bhaskara Rao	Frequency partition, different Line graphs and Degree sequences.
N. M. Singhi	Known for Combinatorics and Graph Theory.
Sujatha Ramdorai	Developed the Non-commutative Iwasawa theory. Also worked on the Arithmetic of Algebraic varieties.
Narendra Krishna Karmarkar	Known for Karmarkar’s algorithm.
Manindra Agrawal	Known for AKS primality test.
Chandrashekhar Khare	Known for Proof of Serre conjecture.
Subhash Khot	Known for Unique games conjecture.
Dr. Neena Gupta	Provided a counter-example over a field of positive characteristic to the special Zariski Cancellation Problem.

400 CE to 1500 CE was the golden age of Indian Mathematics. This period is also known as the Classic Period of Indian Mathematics. Now we are going to discuss about the top 7 great Indian Mathematicians and Their Contributions in detail as mentioned below.

1. Aryabhata

Aryabhata was born in Kusumapura of ancient India.

He was the first mathematician who is considered as the first astronomer also of ancient India.

Aryabhata used the decimal number system to solve square and cube roots.

He evaluated an accurate value of pi up to 4 decimal places.

Aryabhata calculated and proved that a year comprises with 365 days.

He discovered the spherical shape of Earth and its rotation on its axis.

Aryabhata calculated Earth’s circumference which was 99.8 percent accurate.

Aryabhata’s contributions we can find across trigonometry, geometry, astronomy, and more.

2. Varahamihira

He was born in ancient Ujjain in the 6th century CE in India.

He was the first mathematician who discovered a version of Pascal’s triangle.

He also evaluated the binomial coefficients.

He enhanced the accuracy of Aryabhata’s sine tables in later times.

Varahamihira invented the 4×4 magic square.

Panchasiddhantika and Brihat Samhita are some notable mathematical scripts of Varahamihira.

3. Brahmagupta

Brahmagupta was born in Ujjain.

He introduced zero in the world of mathematics. It was a brilliant concept where he defined Mathematics as “nothing” without zero.

He was the first mathematician to provide a mathematical formula for the Cyclic Quadrilateral.

Brahmasphutasiddhanta was the earliest text to acknowledge zero as a numerical entity which was written by him.

4. Srinivasa Ramanujan

Srinivasa Ramanujan was born in Tamil Nadu whose theories and concepts change the idea of mathematics during the early 20th century.

He earned the nickname “The man who knew Infinity.”

Ramanujan sent 120 Theorems to Professor Hardy of Cambridge University. For this he got an invitation to work there.

The number 1729 is now also known as the Hardy–Ramanujan number jointly.

5. P.C.Mahalanobis

Mahalanobis improved the process of statistical surveys. He introduced the concept of pilot and large-scale surveys.

Recognized as the “Father of Indian Statistics”.

He founded the Indian Statistical Institute of India.

He served as a member of India’s inaugural Planning Commission.

6. Satyendra Nath Bose

SN Bose laid the foundation for theoretical physics in India.

He made so many significant contributions to quantum mechanics.

He particularly established the groundwork for Bose-Einstein statistics.

He discovered the Bose-Einstein condensate, the concept of bosons, development of Single field theory, research on the diffraction of X-rays, and exploration of electromagnetic waves.

7. Shakuntala Devi

She was born in Bengaluru, Karnataka who was famous as the “Human Computer” for her extraordinary mental calculating abilities.

She honored with a place in The Guinness Book of World Records in its 1982 edition.

Here are the list of female Mathematicians of India as mentioned below.

Raman Parimala
Neena Gupta
Shakuntala Devi
Sujhata Ramdorai
Mangala Narlikar
Vanaja Iyengar
Renuka Ravindra
Ajit Iqbal Singh
T. A. Sarasvati Amma
Bhama Srinivasan

Here are some famous Indian mathematicians and their notable inventions as mentioned below.

Famous Indian Mathematicians and their Inventions
Mathematicians Name	Notable Inventions
Aryabhata	(a + b) ^2 = a^2 + 2ab+ b^2
Brahmagupta	Number 0
Srinivasa Ramanujan	Partition Function
P.C. Mahalanobis	Mahalanobis Distance
C.R. Rao	Theory of Estimation
D.R. Kaprekar	Devlali numbers Kaprekar numbers Harshad and Demlo numbers
Harish Chandra	Representation theory Harmonic analysis
Satyendra Nath Bose	Modern theoretical physics in India
Bhaskara	Any number divided by zero will infinity. The sum of any number and infinity will give infinity as a result.
Narendra Karmarkar	Karmarkar’s algorithm

Here are some best Indian mathematicians who are also famous in the World as metioned below.

Bhaskara I

He was known for his significant contributions to world mathematics.

He invented the Hindu decimal system.

Wrote ‘Aryabhatiyabhasya’ in 629 CE, oldest Sanskrit math/astronomy work.

He also wrote Mahabhaskariya and Laghubhāskarīya.

He have done some notable works on cosine, sine relationships, sin x approximation.

He also done some notable research on planetary longitudes, conjunctions, eclipses, stars, lunar phases, risings and settings.

Explained the sine relationship for angles >90°, >180°, >270°.

Bhaskara 1 also gave the Pell Equation (8x² + 1 = y²).

D R Kaprekar

Kaprekar was also known as ‘Ganitananda’.

He won the Wrangler R. P. Paranjpe Mathematical Prize.

Kaprekar published his research papers on magic squares, recurring decimals, and integers with special properties.

The number 6174 is the Kaprekar Constant in the modern mathematics.

Kaprekar also worked and described various classes of natural numbers.

Mahavira

Mahavira was an Indian mathematician of the 9th century.

He worked on the differences between mathematics and astrology.

He told that square roots do not apply to negative numbers.

He wrote the ‘Ganitasarasangraha’. It covered so mant contemporary mathematical procedures.

He was the inventoe of naming concepts of differnt geometrical structures.

Narendra Karmarkar

Karmarkar was renowned for inventing polynomial algorithms.

His work changed the solution process for linear programming queries.

C.R. Rao

C.R. Rao became famous for his “Theory of Estimation.”

He became famous for his contributions in fields of medicine, economics, and demography.

He won the Chandrasekara Iyer Scholarship and earned a gold medal in MD in Statistics in 1943 from the Indian Statistical Institute.

Harish Chandra

He is an Indian American physicist and mathematician.

He described the fundamental work in representation theory.

He contributed in harmonic analysis of semisimple Lie groups.

Ashutosh Mukherjee

Ashutosh Mukherjee, notable Indian mathematician.

Identified talents of S. Radhakrishnan and C.V. Raman.

Broadened math spectrum in India.

Achieved zenith position in eminent mathematicians’ list.

Contributed through numerous research papers in physics and mathematics.

Part of national and international academic societies.

Founded Calcutta Mathematical Society in 1908.

Ganesh Prasad

Ganesh Prasad worked on “Functions of Bessel and Lame” and “A Treatise for Spherical Harmonics.”

He was an expert in hypothesis of functions of a real variable, theory of potentials, Fourier .

He is the “father of mathematical research in India.”

Mathematics involves exploring concepts like numbers, patterns, geometry, and transformations. We provide a comprehensive list of Indian mathematicians spanning from ancient times to modern-day, highlighting their notable achievements. In this article we have discussed about the Indian Mathematicians and their Contributions in detail.

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Who Invented Maths?

Who is the Father of Indian Mathematics?

Who are the top 10 mathematician of India?

Srinivasa Ramanujan

C. R. Rao

Harish-Chandra

S. S. Shrikhande

M. S. Narasimhan

Manjul Bhargava

Vashishtha Narayan Singh

Satyendra Nath Bose

Raghavan Narasimhan

Anil Kumar Gain

Who is father of mathematics in India?

Aryabhatta is the father of Indian mathematics. Aryabhatta’s major work like Spherical trigonometry, plane trigonometry. Determined the value of π correct to four decimal places.

Who is the Indian mathematician who contributed?

Indian mathematics boasts many luminaries who have contributed significantly to various branches of the field. One of the most renowned mathematicians in Indian history is Srinivasa Ramanujan, whose extraordinary contributions to number theory, mathematical analysis, infinite series, and continued fractions are celebrated worldwide. Ramanujan’s remarkable insights and conjectures have profoundly influenced modern mathematics and continue to inspire mathematicians to this day.

Who is king of maths in India?

Srinivasa Ramanujan is the king of maths in India.

What are the 5 names of mathematicians?

5 names of mathematician are Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, Mahavira, Bhaskara II, Madhava of Sangamagrama and Nilakantha Somayaji.

Who discovered zero first?

Aryabhatta introduced zero in 5th century and Brahmagupta introduced zero in calculations in around 628 AD.

Who discovered trigonometry?

Hipparchus discovered trigonometry. Trigonometry in the modern sense began with the Greeks.

Who is the Indian mathematician woman?

Shakuntala Devi is the Indian mathematician woman.

Indian Mathematicians and Their Contributions