Free Digital SAT Practice Test 2 (Updated 2024) | SAT Free Mock Test Online

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Questions 1-4 are based on the following passage

This passage is from “The Age of Innocence” by Edith Wharton. The setting is New York City in the 1870s. Newland Archer, the protagonist, is a young lawyer engaged to May Welland.

Newland Archer sat at the bow window of his club and looked meditatively out at Fifth Avenue. Overhead, hung a congeries of Italian lanterns, the elderly white faces in the windows opposite gazed stonily back at the decorated awning, and the street below lay under a noisy ripple of carriages and caroling voices. It was a night for lovers and for freedom.

Archer leaned back and lit a cigarette. “Shall I send a note by a messenger, or shall I get a cab and drive down to her, now?”

The New York ritual was precise and inflexible, and young men of his set were supposed to do their wooing at the proper hours. In the Metropolitan Museum, in the Park, or at private balls and dinners. The Wellands’ house was closed for the night; Archer was sure of that. But above Fifth Avenue was a world where such conventions had no force, where the spell of dusk and of moonlight still ruled.

After a moment he pulled out his watch. A cab-ride only took half an hour, and if he started at once he could reach Washington Square by ten. He threw away his cigarette and got up with a spring. “It may be too late,” he thought. But her aunt, who never asked anyone to the house after eight o’clock, must be kept up waiting for the rebellious young woman. The vision of her small, blurred figure gave a fresh impulse to his blood. He took his coat and hat from a servant in the hall and hurried out.

When he reached the front steps he saw a cab waiting in front of the door. He was annoyed that the man should have been so sure of his intentions. “Go down to Washington Square,” he said. As he spoke, he noticed a young girl in a white dress moving away from the cab, and with a shock he saw that it was Ellen Olenska.

“Why–good evening,” he said. She stopped with a start, and seemed about to turn back. “Oh–Mr. Archer!” “I was just going to send you a note,” he said, in the conventional phrase of his set. “You’re very kind. But I was just coming here.”

The oddness of the coincidence made them both laugh. “I’m afraid the horses are tired–they’ve been out a good deal today. May I drive you anywhere?” She looked at him with a flash of her old malice. “Does no one come to the club any more?” she asked.

Archer answered seriously: “No; I’m not sure of their morals. But the sight of you has changed all that.” They walked up the steps together, and into the club.

Questions 1-4:

1. The primary purpose of the passage is to:

• A. describe a moment of personal indecision.
• B. illustrate the contrast between societal norms and personal desires.
• C. depict the dynamics of a romantic relationship.
• D. explore the complexities of social expectations.

2. Based on the passage, what can be inferred about Newland Archer’s view of societal conventions?

• A. He finds them comforting and necessary.
• B. He sees them as rigid and limiting.
• C. He respects them but occasionally finds them amusing.
• D. He is indifferent to them.

3. In the context of the passage, the word “ritual” most nearly means:

• A. tradition.
• B. ceremony.
• C. habit.
• D. routine.

4. What does Archer’s decision to visit Ellen Olenska suggest about his character?

• A. He is impulsive and easily swayed by emotions.
• B. He is indifferent to social proprieties.
• C. He is careful and deliberate in his actions.
• D. He is conflicted but ultimately obedient to social norms.

Answers & Explanations

1. The primary purpose of the passage is to:

• B. illustrate the contrast between societal norms and personal desires.
• Explanation: The passage highlights Newland Archer’s internal conflict between following societal norms and pursuing his personal desire to visit Ellen Olenska. His contemplation of the strict New York social rituals versus his spontaneous decision to see Ellen illustrates this contrast.

2. Based on the passage, what can be inferred about Newland Archer’s view of societal conventions?

• B. He sees them as rigid and limiting.
• Explanation: Archer’s thoughts about the “New York ritual” being “precise and inflexible” suggest that he finds these conventions rigid and somewhat oppressive, prompting his contemplation of breaking from these norms to visit Ellen.

3. In the context of the passage, the word “ritual” most nearly means:

• D. routine.
• Explanation: The word “ritual” in this context refers to the set, predictable nature of social practices and routines that Archer’s social set is expected to follow.

4. What does Archer’s decision to visit Ellen Olenska suggest about his character?

• A. He is impulsive and easily swayed by emotions.
• Explanation: Despite knowing the social conventions, Archer quickly decides to visit Ellen on an impulse, indicating that his emotions can lead him to act spontaneously.

Questions 5-7 are based on the following passage

This passage is adapted from Michelle Singletary, “The High Cost of Consumer Culture.” ©2020 by The Washington Post.

Passage:

Every year, millions of consumers are drawn to the allure of sales and discounts, often spending more than they can afford on non-essential items. This phenomenon, driven by aggressive marketing tactics and societal pressure, has significant economic and psychological consequences. In 2019 alone, Americans collectively amassed over $1 trillion in credit card debt, much of it attributed to discretionary spending on luxury goods, electronics, and other high-ticket items.

The consumer culture prevalent in modern society can be traced back to the post-World War II era, when mass production and advertising began to shape the purchasing habits of the American public. Today, the relentless push to buy more and more has led to a cycle of debt and financial instability for many families.

Psychologists have studied the impact of consumerism on mental health, finding that the constant pressure to acquire and display material possessions can lead to stress, anxiety, and depression. This is particularly true during the holiday season, when the expectation to give and receive expensive gifts is at its peak. Despite the temporary satisfaction that may come from purchasing a desired item, the long-term effects of debt and financial insecurity often outweigh the initial joy.

Economists have also weighed in on the issue, noting that excessive consumer spending can have broader implications for the economy. While consumer spending is a key driver of economic growth, unsustainable levels of debt can lead to financial crises and economic downturns. The subprime mortgage crisis of 2008, which was fueled by high levels of consumer debt, serves as a stark reminder of the dangers of unchecked spending.

In response to these challenges, some experts advocate for a shift towards more sustainable and mindful consumption. This involves prioritizing needs over wants, focusing on experiences rather than material goods, and being more conscious of the environmental impact of our purchasing decisions. By adopting these practices, individuals can achieve greater financial stability and overall well-being.

Ultimately, the high cost of consumer culture is not just measured in dollars and cents, but in the quality of life and mental health of individuals. By reevaluating our relationship with material possessions and making more intentional choices, we can create a more balanced and fulfilling life.

Questions:

5. The primary purpose of the passage is to:

• A. explain the benefits of consumer culture.
• B. highlight the negative effects of consumer culture.
• C. advocate for increased consumer spending.
• D. describe the history of consumer culture.

6. Based on the passage, what can be inferred about the relationship between consumer culture and mental health?

• A. Consumer culture has no impact on mental health.
• B. Consumer culture improves mental health.
• C. Consumer culture can negatively affect mental health.
• D. Consumer culture only affects financial health.

7. In the context of the passage, the word “allure” most nearly means:

• A. danger.
• B. appeal.
• C. mystery.
• D. complexity.

Answers & Explanations

5. The primary purpose of the passage is to:

• B. highlight the negative effects of consumer culture.
• Explanation: The passage discusses the financial and psychological consequences of excessive consumerism, pointing out the high levels of debt and stress associated with the modern consumer culture.

6. Based on the passage, what can be inferred about the relationship between consumer culture and mental health?

• C. Consumer culture can negatively affect mental health.
• Explanation: The passage mentions that the pressure to acquire and display material possessions can lead to stress, anxiety, and depression, indicating a negative impact on mental health.

7. In the context of the passage, the word “allure” most nearly means:

• B. appeal.
• Explanation: “Allure” refers to the attractive quality that draws consumers to spend money on sales and discounts, often leading to overspending.

Questions 8-10 are based on the following passage

The discovery of the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has revolutionized our understanding of genetics and molecular biology. DNA is composed of two long strands that coil around each other to form a double helix. The backbone of each strand consists of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups. Attached to each sugar is one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C).

The key to the DNA structure is the pairing of these bases. Adenine always pairs with thymine, and guanine always pairs with cytosine. This pairing occurs because of the hydrogen bonds that form between the bases: two hydrogen bonds between A and T, and three hydrogen bonds between G and C. This base pairing is essential for the replication of DNA, as each strand serves as a template for the formation of a new complementary strand.

Watson and Crick’s model also explained how genetic information is stored in the sequence of bases. The specific order of the bases along the DNA strand encodes the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of living organisms. When cells divide, the DNA replicates, ensuring that each new cell receives an exact copy of the genetic material.

The confirmation of the double helix structure was achieved through the use of X-ray crystallography, notably by Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins, and through the recognition of Chargaff’s rules, which stated that in any given DNA sample, the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine.

The table below shows the percentage composition of the four bases in the DNA of various organisms, providing insight into the universality of these base-pairing rules.

Base Composition of DNA

Adapted from J. D. Watson and F. H. C. Crick, “Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids.” ©1953 by Nature Publishing Group.

8. The primary purpose of the passage is to:

• A. explain the chemical reactions involving DNA.
• B. describe the structure and function of DNA.
• C. discuss the applications of DNA research.
• D. outline the history of genetic discoveries.

9. According to the passage, what is the significance of the base pairing in DNA?

• A. It allows DNA to be soluble in water.
• B. It enables the DNA strands to form a double helix.
• C. It ensures the DNA can replicate accurately.
• D. It determines the overall length of the DNA molecule.

10. In the context of the passage, what does the term “complementary” most nearly mean?

• A. Opposing
• B. Identical
• C. Matching
• D. Supplementary

Answers & Explanations

1. The primary purpose of the passage is to:

• B. describe the structure and function of DNA.
• Explanation: The passage explains the chemical structure of DNA, how the base pairs form the double helix, and the role of these structures in genetic replication and information storage.

2. According to the passage, what is the significance of the base pairing in DNA?

• C. It ensures the DNA can replicate accurately.
• Explanation: The passage highlights that the specific pairing of bases (adenine with thymine and guanine with cytosine) is crucial for the replication of DNA, as each strand serves as a template for a new complementary strand.

3. In the context of the passage, what does the term “complementary” most nearly mean?

• C. Matching
• Explanation: “Complementary” refers to the specific pairing of bases where adenine always pairs with thymine and guanine always pairs with cytosine, ensuring that each strand matches perfectly with its counterpart.

Questions 1-5 are Based on the Following Passage

A Growing Concern

Organic farming has become increasingly popular in recent years, driven by consumers’ desire for healthier and more environmentally friendly food options. While organic farming offers many benefits, it also presents several challenges that must be addressed to ensure its sustainability.

[1] One of the main benefits of organic farming is its positive impact on soil health. [2] Organic farming practices, such as crop rotation and the use of natural fertilizers, enhance soil fertility and structure. [3] Additionally, organic farming reduces the risk of soil erosion and water pollution by minimizing the use of synthetic chemicals. [4] However, organic farming also has its drawbacks, particularly in terms of yield. [5] Organic farms typically produce lower yields compared to conventional farms, which can result in higher food prices and limited availability.

[6] Another significant challenge for organic farmers is pest control. [7] Without the use of synthetic pesticides, organic farmers must rely on alternative methods to manage pests, such as biological control and the use of natural repellents. [8] These methods can be effective but often require more time and labor. [9] Despite these challenges, many farmers are committed to organic farming due to its long-term benefits for the environment and human health.

The table below illustrates the differences in crop yield between organic and conventional farming for various crops.

Crop Yield Comparison

1. One of the main benefits of organic farming is its positive impact on soil health.

• A) NO CHANGE
• B) influences
• C) concerns
• D) threatens

2. Organic farming practices, such as crop rotation and the use of natural fertilizers, enhance soil fertility and structure.

• A) NO CHANGE
• B) hinder
• C) improve
• D) degrade

3. Additionally, organic farming reduces the risk of soil erosion and water pollution by minimizing the use of synthetic chemicals.

• A) NO CHANGE
• B) decreases
• C) promotes
• D) neglects

4. Another significant challenge for organic farmers is pest control.

• A) NO CHANGE
• B) benefits
• C) advantage
• D) issue

5. Despite these challenges, many farmers are committed to organic farming due to its long-term benefits for the environment and human health.

• A) NO CHANGE
• B) risks
• C) drawbacks
• D) costs

Answers & Explanations

A. NO CHANGE

Explanation: The word “impact” accurately conveys the effect of organic farming on soil health. The other options do not fit the context of the sentence.

C. improve

Explanation: The correct word is “improve” as it clearly indicates that organic farming practices make the soil better, which aligns with the positive context of the sentence.

A. NO CHANGE

Explanation: The phrase “reduces the risk” is appropriate in this context because it indicates a decrease in negative outcomes, which is the intended meaning of the sentence.

D. issue

Explanation: The word “issue” is synonymous with “challenge” and fits well in the context of discussing problems faced by organic farmers.

A. NO CHANGE

Explanation: The phrase “long-term benefits” is appropriate because it highlights the positive outcomes that motivate farmers to continue organic farming despite the challenges.

Questions 5-10 are based on the following passage

The Importance of Renewable Energy

Renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, are becoming increasingly important in the global effort to combat climate change. As fossil fuel reserves dwindle and greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise, the transition to renewable energy is not just beneficial, but necessary.

[1] One of the primary advantages of renewable energy is its sustainability. [2] Unlike fossil fuels, which are finite and will eventually run out, renewable energy sources are naturally replenished. [3] For instance, solar panels convert sunlight into electricity, a process that can continue indefinitely as long as the sun shines. [4] Similarly, wind turbines generate power from the wind, which is an inexhaustible resource. [5] However, the initial cost of renewable energy infrastructure can be high, posing a significant barrier to widespread adoption.

[6] Another benefit of renewable energy is its potential to reduce pollution. [7] Burning fossil fuels releases harmful pollutants into the air, contributing to respiratory diseases and environmental degradation. [8] In contrast, renewable energy sources produce little to no emissions during operation. [9] This makes them a cleaner alternative that can help improve air quality and public health.

The table below shows the potential energy output and environmental impact of various renewable energy sources compared to fossil fuels.

Energy Output and Environmental Impact Comparison

6. Renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, are becoming increasingly important in the global effort to combat climate change.

• A) NO CHANGE
• B) unimportant
• C) irrelevant
• D) detrimental

7. Unlike fossil fuels, which are finite and will eventually run out, renewable energy sources are naturally replenished.

• A) NO CHANGE
• B) scarce
• C) endless
• D) harmful

8. For instance, solar panels convert sunlight into electricity, a process that can continue indefinitely as long as the sun shines.

• A) NO CHANGE
• B) temporarily
• C) occasionally
• D) periodically

9. Similarly, wind turbines generate power from the wind, which is an inexhaustible resource.

• A) NO CHANGE
• B) restricted
• C) limited
• D) exhaustible

10. However, the initial cost of renewable energy infrastructure can be high, posing a significant barrier to widespread adoption.

• A) NO CHANGE
• B) minimal
• C) low
• D) negligible

Answers & Explanations

6. A. NO CHANGE

Explanation: The phrase “are becoming increasingly important” accurately reflects the growing significance of renewable energy in addressing climate change. The other options do not fit the context of the passage.

7. A. NO CHANGE

Explanation: “Finite and will eventually run out” correctly describes the limited nature of fossil fuels. The other options do not convey the same meaning.

8. A. NO CHANGE

Explanation: The phrase “can continue indefinitely” accurately describes the perpetual nature of solar energy as long as the sun exists. The other options do not fit the context.

9. A. NO CHANGE

Explanation: “Inexhaustible” accurately describes the unlimited nature of wind as a resource. The other options suggest limitations that are not applicable in this context.

10. A. NO CHANGE

Explanation: “High” correctly describes the initial cost of renewable energy infrastructure, which can be a significant obstacle. The other options suggest lower costs, which are not accurate in this context.