SAT Reading Test 2

Questions 5-7 are based on the following passage

This passage is adapted from Michelle Singletary, “The High Cost of Consumer Culture.” ©2020 by The Washington Post.

Passage:

Every year, millions of consumers are drawn to the allure of sales and discounts, often spending more than they can afford on non-essential items. This phenomenon, driven by aggressive marketing tactics and societal pressure, has significant economic and psychological consequences. In 2019 alone, Americans collectively amassed over $1 trillion in credit card debt, much of it attributed to discretionary spending on luxury goods, electronics, and other high-ticket items.

The consumer culture prevalent in modern society can be traced back to the post-World War II era, when mass production and advertising began to shape the purchasing habits of the American public. Today, the relentless push to buy more and more has led to a cycle of debt and financial instability for many families.

Psychologists have studied the impact of consumerism on mental health, finding that the constant pressure to acquire and display material possessions can lead to stress, anxiety, and depression. This is particularly true during the holiday season, when the expectation to give and receive expensive gifts is at its peak. Despite the temporary satisfaction that may come from purchasing a desired item, the long-term effects of debt and financial insecurity often outweigh the initial joy.

Economists have also weighed in on the issue, noting that excessive consumer spending can have broader implications for the economy. While consumer spending is a key driver of economic growth, unsustainable levels of debt can lead to financial crises and economic downturns. The subprime mortgage crisis of 2008, which was fueled by high levels of consumer debt, serves as a stark reminder of the dangers of unchecked spending.

In response to these challenges, some experts advocate for a shift towards more sustainable and mindful consumption. This involves prioritizing needs over wants, focusing on experiences rather than material goods, and being more conscious of the environmental impact of our purchasing decisions. By adopting these practices, individuals can achieve greater financial stability and overall well-being.

Ultimately, the high cost of consumer culture is not just measured in dollars and cents, but in the quality of life and mental health of individuals. By reevaluating our relationship with material possessions and making more intentional choices, we can create a more balanced and fulfilling life.

Questions:

5. The primary purpose of the passage is to:

• A. explain the benefits of consumer culture.
• B. highlight the negative effects of consumer culture.
• C. advocate for increased consumer spending.
• D. describe the history of consumer culture.

6. Based on the passage, what can be inferred about the relationship between consumer culture and mental health?

• A. Consumer culture has no impact on mental health.
• B. Consumer culture improves mental health.
• C. Consumer culture can negatively affect mental health.
• D. Consumer culture only affects financial health.

7. In the context of the passage, the word “allure” most nearly means:

• A. danger.
• B. appeal.
• C. mystery.
• D. complexity.

Answers & Explanations

5. The primary purpose of the passage is to:

• B. highlight the negative effects of consumer culture.
• Explanation: The passage discusses the financial and psychological consequences of excessive consumerism, pointing out the high levels of debt and stress associated with the modern consumer culture.

6. Based on the passage, what can be inferred about the relationship between consumer culture and mental health?

• C. Consumer culture can negatively affect mental health.
• Explanation: The passage mentions that the pressure to acquire and display material possessions can lead to stress, anxiety, and depression, indicating a negative impact on mental health.

7. In the context of the passage, the word “allure” most nearly means:

• B. appeal.
• Explanation: “Allure” refers to the attractive quality that draws consumers to spend money on sales and discounts, often leading to overspending.

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