What is ‘ValueError: math domain error’ in Python?

In mathematics, we have certain operations that we consider undefined. Undefined refers to a term that is mathematically inexpressible. The most common examples of undefined operations in mathematics are:

• A division by zero (For example 45/0)
• The square root of negative numbers (For example: √-67)
• The log of a negative number (For example log(-3))

When you perform such undefined operations or operations that fall outside the domain in Python, you encounter an error – ‘ValueError: math domain error’. A domain in mathematics refers to a range of all possible values a function accepts. When a function in Python is provided with a value outside the domain, ‘ValueError: math domain error’ occurs.

Errors are the problems in a program due to which the program will stop the execution. One of the errors is ‘ValueError: math domain error’ in Python. In this article, you will learn why this error occurs and how to fix it with examples.