What is the ATP and NADPH?

The products of the light reaction are ATP, NADPH, and O₂. O₂ diffuses from the chloroplast while ATP and NADPH power the reactions that create food, or more precisely, sugars. This is photosynthesis’s biosynthetic phase. In addition to CO₂ and H₂O, this process also depends on the products of the light reaction, ATP and NADPH, which are not directly dependent on the presence of light.

The biosynthetic step makes use of ATP and NADPH. As we previously observed, CO₂ and H₂O combine to form (CH₂O)_n, or sugars. The work of Melvin Calvin is outstanding. He discovered that the initial CO₂ fixation product was a 3-carbon organic acid by using radioactive 14C in his research on algae photosynthesis. The entire metabolic route was developed and as a result, it was named the Calvin cycle in his honor. The initial item discovered was 3-phosphoglyceric acid or PGA.

The first stable byproduct of CO₂ fixation was an organic acid once more, but this time it had four carbon atoms. Oxaloacetic acid, also known as OAA, was determined to be this acid. Since then, it has been believed that there are two primary types of plants that assimilate CO₂ during photosynthesis: those in which a C3 acid (PGA), or the C3 pathway, is the first product of CO2 fixation, and those in which a C4 acid (OAA), or the C4 pathway, is the first product.

Primary acceptor of CO₂

Ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate, also known as RUBP, is the main carbon dioxide acceptor in the dark process and is carboxylated by the enzyme ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase, also known as RuBisCo. As the first stable byproduct of the C3 cycle, this carboxylation results in the production of two molecules of the three-carbon chemical phosphoglyceric acid.

The process by which plants convert carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into oxygen and energy in the form of sugar is known as photosynthesis. Autotrophic plants produce their own food through a process called photosynthesis. Sunlight, chlorophyll, CO2, and water are four crucial components needed for this process. The two steps of photosynthesis are the Light Reaction and the Dark Reaction.