What is t-RNA?
t-RNA stands for transfer RNA. As its name suggests, it transfers the specific amino acid from the amino acid pool to the mRNA to form a polypeptide to make proteins. It is also known as an adapter molecule as it connects the messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule and polypeptide chain. You can relate it to your mobile adapter which connects your charger cable to the switchboard. So, here your charger cable has an analogy with tRNA, cable with mRNA, and switchboard with polypeptide chain. Each tRNA carries a particular amino acid.
tRNA – the Adapter Molecule
tRNA is also known as transfer RNA is a subtype of RNA, tRNA help in the protein synthesis process. tRNA carries the amino acid to the ribosome, which is the molecular machine that assembles the protein, and ensures that the amino acid is incorporated into the growing protein chain in the correct order. Different types of tRNA present, each with a different sequence and structure allow it to recognize a specific amino acid. Specific amino acids are incorporated in the protein sequence via specific tRNA.
What is RNA?
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a single-stranded, non-hereditary (except-retroviruses) molecule that helps in the synthesis of proteins. The nitrogenous bases present in RNA are A (Adenine), U (Uracil), G (Guanine), and C (Cytosine), in which A pairs with U and G with C. The function of ribonucleic acid is to convert genetic information from genes into amino acid sequences of protein. It is classified into three types- messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) on the basis of the function and molecular size of the nucleic acids.
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