What is a Graph?

A graph is a fundamental data structure used to represent relationships between entities. It consists of two main components:

1. Vertices (Nodes): Nodes in a graph are like the different pieces or things you are focusing on. They represent the individual items or entities that you want to understand or connect in the graph. So, nodes are just the specific things or items you’re dealing with in your graph.
2. Edges (Connections): Edges in a graph are like arrows or lines that connect nodes, showing how they are related. They can be like two-way streets where the connection works both ways (undirected), or they can be like one-way streets where the connection only goes in one direction (directed). So, edges tell us how nodes are connected and whether the connection has a direction or not.

Graphs are basic data structures that represent the connections between different items. They are made up of edges (links) that show the connections between the entities and vertices (nodes) that represent the entities themselves. Numerous applications, such as social networks, navigation systems, routing algorithms, scheduling issues, and more, heavily rely on graphs.