Ureters

Human Excretory System

The excretion process in humans is a physiological process essential for maintaining internal equilibrium and eliminating body waste products. The primary organs responsible for excretion are the kidneys. It perform blood filtration through numerous microscopic units known as nephrons, facilitating the removal of waste substances such as creatinine and urea while reabsorbing essential elements like glucose and electrolytes....

Excretory System Organs

The human excretory system, is responsible for eliminating waste products and maintains the body’s electrolyte and fluid balance. The excretory organs responsible for carrying out excretion of the waste products are as follows:...

Kidneys

Kidneys are bean shaped organs which filter blood to remove waste products and excess substances, such as urea, creatinine, and excess salts. They also regulate blood pressure and the concentration of ions in the blood. The normal size of a kidney is 10-12 cm, the width of 5-7 cm, and the weight is approx. 120-170g. Kidneys have a hard outer layer. This is known as the Capsule. The Capsule can further be divided into two major parts:...

Ureters

Ureters connect the kidneys to the bladder, allowing the flow of urine from the kidneys to be stored in the bladder. They play a vital role in urinary excretion by transporting urine, which contains waste products and excess substances, away from the kidneys. Each human has two ureters, one for each kidney, and they vary in length but are typically about 25-30 cm long....

Urinary Bladder

This is the sac-like organ present in the human body. This helps to store the urine inside of it for a while. The capacity of the bladder is 500ml of urine. The urinary bladder can be divided into two parts – upper part & lower part. In the lower part, there is the neck. From the neck, the urethra is attached to this area. The bladder is situated in the pelvic cavity of the human body....

Urethra

The primary function of the urethra is to carry urine from the bladder to the outside of the body during urination. In males, the urethra also serves as the passageway for semen during ejaculation, as it extends through the penis. In females, its sole function is urine elimination. The urethra is equipped with muscular sphincters that allow voluntary control over the release of urine, facilitating the regulation of bladder emptying....

Diagram of Human Excretory System

The diagram of human excretory system is as follows:...

Excretion in Humans

Excretion is a multistage process. Every part of the Nephrons contributes to the mechanism. The Excretion process is a combination of three sub-processes. These subprocesses are Filtration, Re-Absorption & Secretion. These sub-processes are performed by the different parts of the Nephrons....

Mechanism of Excretion in Humans

The mechanism of urine in humans is explained below:...

Micturition

The urinary bladder stores urine produced by the nephrons. Micturition, commonly known as urination, is the process of emptying the bladder of urine. When the bladder fills with urine, sensory receptors in its walls send signals to the central nervous system, indicating the need to urinate. In response, the brain sends messages to relax the muscles around the bladder while contracting the muscles of the bladder itself. This coordinated action allows urine to flow from the bladder through the urethra and out of the body. Micturition helps maintain proper fluid balance and remove waste products from the body....

Functions of Human Excretory System

The main function of the excretory system is to produce urine or waste material. The process of the production of the water material is mainly inside the kidney. The functions of Human Excretory System is as follows:...

Disorder of Human Excretory System

Following are the disorders which are related to the human excretory system are:...

Dialysis Process

The dialysis process is explained as follows:...

Importance of Human Excretory System

It eliminates metabolic waste products, such as urea and creatinine, from the body, preventing their harmful buildup. The excretory system helps control blood pressure by regulating the volume of blood and sodium levels through the release of renin and aldosterone. It maintains the balance of electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and calcium, which is essential for nerve and muscle function. The system regulates the body’s pH levels by excreting excess hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate ions. The kidneys filter and purify around 180 liters of blood daily, removing toxins and excess substances. It controls the amount of water in the body by adjusting urine concentration, preventing dehydration or overhydration. The kidneys release erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in response to low oxygen levels. It aids in detoxifying the body by filtering out drugs, chemicals, and toxins. The kidneys convert vitamin D into its active form, necessary for calcium absorption and bone health....

Conclusion – Human Excretory System

The human excretory system, known as the urinary system, includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It filters waste products and excess substances from the bloodstream to produce urine, temporarily stored in the bladder before elimination. Besides waste removal, it regulates electrolyte levels, blood pressure, and the body’s acid-base balance, while also producing hormones like erythropoietin for red blood cell production. The system’s efficient functioning is crucial for maintaining overall health and bodily equilibrium....

FAQs on Human Excretory System

How does Urine Formation Occur in the Kidneys?...