Structure of Stomata

A typical stomata is made up of the following parts:

Epidermal Cells

• The outermost layer of plants is the waxy cuticle, called epidermal cells. Under the upper epidermal layer is a layer of palisade cells containing the chloroplasts. Beneath the palisade cells is the spongy tissue with air spaces.
• The function of the epidermis cell is to check the transpiration. It also protects the plant parts.

Subsidiary Cells

These are the cells that border the guard calls and are also called accessory cells. It also supports guard cell function, subsidiary cells may provide a mechanical advantage that makes guard cell movements easier or serve as a reservoir for ions and water.

Guard cells

• The two kidney-shaped cells enclosing the stoma are the specialized guard cells. These cells are shaped like Crescent, moons, or sausages, two of which are for each stomatal pore. The guard cells have several chloroplasts present in them.
• The guard cells have a thin outer wall that is permeable and a thick inner wall that is made of cellulose. The guard cells play a vital role by regulating the opening and closing of the stoma. They control the exchange of gases between the leaf and the atmosphere.
• Air containing carbon dioxide and oxygen enters the plant through these openings where it gets used in photosynthesis and respiration respectively.

Stomatal Pore

• Stomatal pores are microscopic holes on the surface of plant tissues that regulate photosynthesis, water transport, and temperature regulation.
• During the day, the stomata pores are open, and gaseous carbon dioxide enters the leaves.
• Waste oxygen produced by photosynthesis in the cells of the leaf interior exits through these same openings.
• Water vapor is released through these pores in a process called transpiration.

The diagram of Stomata is a diagrammatical representation of a pore (stoma) or stomata found mainly on the underside of plant leaves in the epidermis, stems, and other organs that control the exchange of gases particularly carbon dioxide and oxygen between the plant and its environment. The Diagram of stomata is essential to understanding its internal workings like gaseous exchange, photosynthesis, and its functioning.

What is Stomata?

Stomata (singular: stoma) are tiny openings present mainly on the lower surface of leaves, stems, and other plant organs. Stomata are present on the upper leaf area also but the no is fewer. Stomata play an important role in the process of gas exchange in plants, allowing for the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO₂) needed for photosynthesis and the release of oxygen (O₂) produced during this process.

Each of the leaves will have thousands of these stomata and they’re scattered through the lower epidermis which is the layer of hypodermal tissue. Stomata help regulate the opening and closing of pores in leaves so that the gaseous exchange takes place easily in the atmosphere.