Steps were taken by Government for Solid Waste Management
- Swachha Survekshan: An annual survey of sanitation, hygiene, and cleanliness in Indian cities and towns is known as the Swachha Survekshan. Under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, it debuted as a component of the Swachha Bharat Mission – Urban (SBM-U). It awards cities and towns with no trash stars based on a number of criteria.
- Swachhata Hi Sewa Campaign: It promoted cleanliness by involving all relevant parties in the “Jan Andolan” (National Movement).
- A multi-media campaign called Compost Banao, Compost Apnao was launched by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs on waste-to-compost under Swachha Bharat Mission – Urban (SBM- U). The intention was to get people to compost their kitchen scraps so that less garbage ends up in landfills and can be used as fertilizer.
- Promotion of Waste to Energy: The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) established the Program on Energy from Urban, Industrial, Agricultural Waste/Residues, and Municipal Solid Waste to support the establishment of Waste-to-Energy projects and to provide centralised financial support.
- SWM is also a part of the National Mission on Sustainable Habitat (2010), one of the eight missions included in the National Action Plan for Climate Change (NAPCC). This mission focuses on habitat sustainability issues, particularly those relating to metropolitan areas.
Urban Solid Waste Management and its Challenges
In urban India, solid waste management (SWM) has become one of the biggest development challenges. Numerous studies show that improper waste disposal produces hazardous gases and leachates as a result of microbial decomposition, environmental factors, and land-filling practices. India produces more than 150,000 tons of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) each day, with Mumbai ranking as the fifth most wasteful city in the world. However, only 83% of waste is collected, and only 30% of that is processed. A key component of sustainable Metropolitan growth is Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM). To reduce its damaging effects on the environment, solid waste is separated, stored, collected, moved, transported, processed, and disposed of. Unmanaged MSW contributes to the spread of a wide range of illnesses.
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