Segment Registers
The Bus Interface Unit (BIU) of 8086 microprocessor. The segment registers are responsible for managing memory access. As the computer memory is segmented, the segment registers tracks the memory location of each and every segment. The segment registers contains four 16-bit registers namely, Code Segment(CS), Data Segment(DS), Stack segment(SS) and Extra Segment(ES). These registers are used to hold the 16 bits of starting address. Each segment register holds the starting address of its respective memory segment, allowing the microprocessor to quickly locate and access the data it needs during program execution.
The function of each segment registers are stated below:
- Code Segment(CS): This register is used to store the address of the memory in which the program which is to be executed is stored.
- Data Segment(DS): It is used to data which is used by the program frequently. It also stores the offset address or the data of the register that holds the offset address.
- Stack Segment(SS): It is used to store the address as well as data in the memory while the subprogram is executing.
- Extra Segment(ES): This register is used to hold the extra data by providing additional data segment in the memory.
Types of Registers in 8086 Microprocessor
A microprocessor is a register-based clock-driven digital device that is used for data processing. It is a multipurpose device that is capable of producing outputs when provided binary data as input. In computers, the microprocessor is like the brain, handling tasks and calculations. Inside the microprocessor are tiny storage units called registers.
An 8086 microprocessor is 40 pin microprocessor, which was designed by INTEL in 1976. It is a 16-bit microprocessor that has 20 address lines and provides storage up to 1MB. It provides two modes of operation:
- Minimum Mode, suitable for systems having multiple processors
- Maximum Mode, suitable for systems having single processors.
Table of Content
- Types of Registers in 8086 Microprocessor
- General Purpose Registers
- Segment Registers
- Special Purpose Registers
- Flag Register
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