Rhodophycae Plant Classification
Morphology of Red Algae
Red algae can range in morphology from being unicellular to having complex parenchymatous and non-parenchymatous thallus. Red algae have doubled cell walls. The outer layers contain the polysaccharides agarose and agaropectin, which can be extracted from cell walls by boiling as agar. The majority of the inside walls are made of cellulose. Additionally, their plastid genomes are the most gene-rich ones yet found.
Cell Structure
Red algae do not have centrioles and do not have flagella during their whole life cycle. Red algal cell structure is defined by the presence of normal spindle fibres, microtubules, unstacked photosynthetic membranes, phycobilin pigment granules, pit connections between cells, filamentous genera, and the lack of chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum.
Chloroplast
The phycobilins (phycocyanobilin, phycoerythrobilin, phycourobilin, and phycobiliviolin), which are contained within phycobilisomes, give red algae their distinctive colour. In the chloroplast, thylakoids are evenly dispersed and ungrouped. Other pigments include lutein, zeaxanthin, a, and b-carotene, and chlorophyll. The double membrane of the chloroplast envelope encloses the chloroplast. The absence of grana and the attachment of phycobilisomes to the stromal surface of the thylakoid membrane are two further traits that set red algal chloroplasts apart from other types.
Pit Connections
Red algae can be identified by their pit connections and pit plugs, which develop during the cytokinesis process following mitosis. In red algae, cytokinesis is not present. In the majority of situations, the centre of the newly formed division is left with a small pore. The pit connection is created in the areas where the daughter cells are still in contact. Shortly after the pit connection is formed, a pit plug forms and is deposited in the wall gap that connects the cells, blocking cytoplasmic continuity. Cells that have a common parent cell form primary pit connections. Because apical development is the norm, the majority of red algal cells have two principal pit connections, one to each subsequent cell.
Storage Products
Among the most significant photosynthetic products are Floridoside (the main product), Disofloridoside, digeneaside, mannitol, sorbitol, dulcitol, and others. As a long-term storage product, floridean starch, which is analogous to amylopectin in land plants, is freely (scattered) deposited in the cytoplasm. The concentration of photosynthetic products is influenced by environmental variables such as pH, medium salinity, light intensity, dietary constraints, and others. As the salinity of the medium increases, the amount of floridoside produced grows, preventing water from leaving the algal cells.
Rhodophyceae
Algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms are all members of the plant kingdom. Algae are chlorophyll-containing, simple, thalloid, autotrophic, aquatic creatures. Algae are categorised into three groups based on the type of pigment they contain and the type of food they store. These groups are Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae, and Rhodophyceae.
Plant Kingdom Classification
Kingdom Plantae (Plant Kingdom) is divided into distinct divisions based on whether plants have a well-differentiated body, the existence or lack of specialised tissues for transport, and the ability to carry seeds. Each division’s characteristics and examples are shown below. aquatic creatures that are gently Algae are categorised into three groups based on the type of pigment they contain and the type of food they store. These groups are Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae, and Rhodophyceae.
Algae
While algae are plural, an alga is a singular form. The eukaryotic, living organism that is typically cultivated in damp environments is called an alga. As a result, they are referred to as aquatic organisms. These species, like plants, have chlorophyll and other biological pigments, which serve as a key colouring agent and aid in absorbing light energy.
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