Real-Life Experiments on Charles’ Law

These experiments provide hands-on demonstrations of Charles’ Law, showcasing how gases expand when heated at constant pressure. By observing the behavior of gases in different conditions, students can directly witness the principles of Charles’ Law in action, reinforcing their understanding of the relationship between volume and temperature in gases.

Inflated Balloon Experiment

Materials Needed:

• Party Balloon
• Beaker
• Water
• Heat Source
• Freezer
• String
• Ruler

Procedure:

• Add boiling water to a beaker, leaving room for the balloon.
• Fill a party balloon with air, ensuring not to overfill.
• Wrap a string around the widest part of the balloon to measure its original circumference.
• Place the balloon in the container near the hot water.
• Observe as the balloon expands due to the increase in temperature.
• For a contrasting effect, place the balloon in the freezer to observe shrinkage.

Conclusion and result

• Heating the air inside the bottle causes it to expand, inflating the balloon. Cooling the air leads to contraction, deflating the balloon.
• The experiment demonstrates the impact of temperature on gas volume and expansion, showcasing the principles of gas behavior.
• Observe the inflation and deflation of balloon. It illustrates how air molecules respond to temperature changes, highlighting the concept of gas expansion and contraction.

Demonstrating Charles’ Law Mathematically

Materials Required:

• Concentrated sulfuric acid
• Capillary tube with liquid index
• Bunsen burner
• Thermometer

Procedure:

• Record the volume and temperature data to calculate the relationship between volume and temperature.

Conclusion and Result:

• Analyze the data to confirm the direct proportionality between volume and temperature as per Charles’ Law.

Glass Capillary Tube Experiment

Materials Needed:

• Glass Capillary Tube
• Mercury Thread
• Water Bath
• Scale
• Thermometer

Procedure:

• Measure the initial volume of gas in the capillary tube.
• Heat the tube in a water bath while monitoring the temperature.
• Record the final volume of the gas as it expands with increasing temperature.
• Calculate the ratio of volume to absolute temperature to verify Charles’ Law.

Conclusion and Results:

• The experiment demonstrates capillary action, where water rises inside the tube due to adhesion between water molecules and the glass walls. The concave curvature of the water surface inside the tube results from adhesion and surface tension.
• Lowering the tube changes the curvature and angle, showcasing the balance between the weight of the water column and the forces of adhesion.
• When the water surface inside and outside the tube is level, surface tension shapes the surface, illustrating the capillary effect and its role in phenomena like plant water uptake.

Also, Check

• Behavior of Gas Molecules
• Combined Gas Law Formula
• Ideal Gas Law 

Charles’ Law is a fundamental principle in chemistry related to the behavior of gases. It states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature when pressure is held constant. This Law finds numerous applications in various fields, particularly in the study of gas behavior and the design of practical devices. This Law is fundamental in developing technologies like gas thermometers, air conditioning systems, and various industrial processes where precise temperature control is essential.