Provisions of the Montreal Protocol
The Montreal Protocol’s provisions include control measures, calculation of control levels, control of trade with non-parties, a special situation of developing countries, reporting of data, non-compliance, and technical assistance.
- Ozone Depleting Substances in the Montreal Protocol: The ozone depleting substances are regulated by the Montreal Protocol. They include CFCs, halons, other fully halogenated CFCs, methyl chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, HCFCs, methyl bromide, and HFCs.
- The Multilateral Fund: The Multilateral Fund was established in 1991 under Article 10. It was created to give financial and technical support to developing countries whose annual per capita ozone depleting substances consumption and production are less than 0.3 kg. This fund’s activities are put into effect by the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), UN Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO), UN Development Programme (UNDP), and the World Bank.
- Status of India to implement the Montreal Protocol: India became a signatory of the Montreal Protocol in 1992. India comes under Article 5 Country which is why it received assistance from the Multilateral Fund. The Montreal Protocol comes under the Ministry of Climate Change, Forest and Environment in India. The ministry launched the Ozone Cell to enforce the protocol’s provisions. Also, the Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation and Control) Rules 2000 was organised by the ministry. These rules say that it is prohibited to use CFCs in the manufacture of products. There are several restrictions on producers, sellers, and importers of ozone depleting substances under these rules.
Montreal Protocol
Montreal Protocol: As you know the ozone layer is part of Earth’s stratosphere and it protects us from the sun’s harmful rays. In the 1970s, scientists made a startling discovery that chemical substances used in air conditioners, refrigerators, and aerosol cans were harming the ozone layer.
In 1985, a huge hole was discovered in the ozone layer over the Antarctica continent. Because of this hole in the ozone layer, alarming levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation were able to reach the Earth’s surface and cause harm to the Earth’s inhabitants. The UN and its member countries realized that this ozone layer hole had to be dealt with and concrete measures needed to be taken before it was too late.
In this article, we will read about the Montreal Protocol, its achievements, provisions, and impact.
Table of Content
- What is Montreal Protocol?
- What is Ozone Layer?
- Key Points of the Montreal Protocol
- Provisions of the Montreal Protocol
- Achievement of the Montreal Protocol
- Impact of Montreal Protocol on Global Environmental Policies
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