Protocols

Protocols are the set of rules that govern data communication. Protocols can be defined as a communication standard followed by both the parties (Sender and Receiver) in a computer network to communicate with each other.

Key Elements of Protocol

1. Syntax: Syntax basically represents the format of the data means in which order data is presented. It also indicates how to read the data. It simply means the way to represent data. For Example, let us suppose a data packet has 16 bits, in which the first 4 bits are the sender’s address, the last 4 bits are the receiver’s address and the rest is the message. So, this is a syntax to represent data bits.

2. Semantics: Semantics basically refers to the meaning of each section mentioned in syntax. It includes control information for coordination and error handling. It also specifies which file defines which action.

3. Timing: Timing simply means when the data is to be sent and how fast the data can be sent. For Example, if the Sender sends the data at 100 MBPS and the receiver receives it at 1 MBPS, then the data gets overflowed at the receiver end.

Pre-Requisite: Layers of OSI Model

Network Protocols are a set of guidelines governing the exchange of information in a simple, dependable, and secure way. Network protocols are formal standards and policies comprised of rules, methodology, and configurations that define communication between two or more devices over a network. To effectively send and receive information, devices on the two sides of a communication exchange must follow protocols.