Price Elasticity of Demand

The percentage change in the demand for a commodity because of the percentage change in its price is known as the Price Elasticity of Demand. In other words, Price Elasticity of Demand is the degree of responsiveness of demand for a commodity with reference to changes in the price of such commodity. For example, +1.5 price elasticity of demand means that if there is a one percent rise in the price of a commodity, it will lead to a 1.5 percent fall in its demand, or a one percent fall in the price will lead to 1.5 percent rise in the demand. Price is the most important determinant of demand; therefore, price elasticity of demand is also known as Elasticity of Demand, Demand Elasticity, or Elasticity. 

An important fact about Price Elasticity of Demand is that, while keeping other factors constant, it establishes a quantitative relationship between the price of a commodity and its quantity demanded. Also, if the value of price elasticity of demand is high, it means that the change in the price of the commodity will have a larger impact on the quantity demanded. 

A change in the price can result in a small change in demand for some goods and a greater change in demand for other goods. For example, if there is a 20% fall in the price of two commodities X and Y, and 5% and 15% rise in their demand respectively, it would mean that Good Y is more elastic as compared to Good X, as there is a high rise in the demand for Y as compared to X. 

Price Elasticity of Demand is determined by two methods: Percentage Method and Geometric Method. 

Methods of Measuring Price Elasticity of Demand: Percentage and Geometric Method

The quantity of a good or service that a consumer is willing and able to purchase at different price levels available during a given time period is known as Demand. Generally, demand is interchangeably used with want and desire; however, in economics these terms are different. Desire is just a wish of a consumer to purchase a commodity even though he is unable to buy it. However, demand is a consumer’s desire to purchase a commodity, provided he is willing to spend and has sufficient purchasing power. 

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Elasticity of Demand

The demand for a commodity is affected by different factors such as the consumer’s income, price of the commodity, price of related goods, etc. The percentage change in the demand for a commodity because of the percentage change in any of the factors affecting demand for that commodity is known as Elasticity of Demand. It can be calculated as:...

Price Elasticity of Demand

The percentage change in the demand for a commodity because of the percentage change in its price is known as the Price Elasticity of Demand. In other words, Price Elasticity of Demand is the degree of responsiveness of demand for a commodity with reference to changes in the price of such commodity. For example, +1.5 price elasticity of demand means that if there is a one percent rise in the price of a commodity, it will lead to a 1.5 percent fall in its demand, or a one percent fall in the price will lead to 1.5 percent rise in the demand. Price is the most important determinant of demand; therefore, price elasticity of demand is also known as Elasticity of Demand, Demand Elasticity, or Elasticity....

Percentage Method of Determining Price Elasticity of Demand

The most common method of measuring Price Elasticity of Demand (Ed) is the Percentage Method, which was introduced by Prof. Marshall. According to the Percentage Method, also known as Flex Method, Proportionate Method, or Mathematical Method, the elasticity of a commodity is measured by dividing the percentage change in its quantity demanded by the percentage change in the price. Therefore, the formula for calculating price elasticity of demand by Percentage Method is:...

Geometric Method of Determining Price Elasticity of Demand

This method was also suggested by Prof. Marshall. According to the Geometric Method, also known as the Graphic Method, Point Method, or Arc Method, the elasticity of demand for a commodity is measured at a point on the demand curve. The Geometric Method of determining the Price Elasticity of Demand is used when there an infinitely small changes in the demand and price of a commodity. It means that the Elasticity of Demand for such commodities is different at different points on the same straight line demand curve. The formula to measure Ed of a commodity under the Geometric Method is:...

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