Planning

Why is planning considered as a fundamental function of management?

As planning provides direction, minimizes risk, reduces uncertainty, and enhances the effeciency of the organisation, it is considered as a fundamental function of management.

What are the three levels of planning?

The three major levels of planning in an organisation include Strategic, Tactical, and Operational. Strategic Planning focuses on setting up long-term goals and detrmining direction; Tactical Planning includes implementation of strategic plans and achievement of objectives; whereas, Operational Planning consist of day-to-day activities and resource allocation to fulfill immediate organisational goals.

How can a manager make sure that the plans are effectively implemented in the organisation?

To effectively implement plans, a manager has to make sure there is clear communication of goals and expectations, tasks are properly delegated to the employees or teams, the employee or team has all the required resources, their progress should be monitored regularly, they should get timely feedback, and must be flexible to the changes.

What are the common obstacles to effective planning?

Some of the common obstacles to effective planning include:

• Resistance to Change
• Inadequate Information
• Conflicting Objectives
• Lack of Coordination among different Departments
• Unrealistic Expectations
• Insufficient Resources
• External Factors

What is the role of forecasting in planning process?

Forecasting means predicting future events or trends for the organisation, on the basis of market research, historical data, and expert advice. It helps in planning process by providing valuable insight to the managers so they can make decisions properly, set relaistic goals, allocate resources accordingly, and anticipate potential obstacles they may face.

Also refer to Planning Process: Concept and Steps and Types of Plans: Standing Plan and Single-use Plan