Phases of Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
Phase 1
- From the year of independence in 1947 till the conclusion of the Indo-Pak War in 1965, India’s first phase of foreign policy was in effect.
- Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first prime minister, was a crucial political player at this time.
Phase 2
Indira Gandhi turned to the Soviet Union as a significant international ally after Nehru’s death in 1964, significantly separating India from the United States in the process.
Phase 3
- India’s foreign policy climate underwent a significant transformation with the end of the Cold War and the fall of the Soviet Union.
- In terms of geopolitics, India came closer to Washington’s position.
Non-Aligned Movement
The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) was established at the height of the Cold War, with the fall of the colonial order and the fights for the independence of the peoples of Africa, Asia, Latin America, and other parts of the world. The Movement’s early history saw substantial contributions from its actions to the decolonization process. A large number of peoples and countries eventually gained freedom and independence attributable to the decolonization process, which also resulted in the creation of numerous new sovereign States. These economies desire to combat both food insecurity and poverty. Africa and Asia, which had just gained their independence, were deeply infused with a sense of nationalism and were unwilling to compromise their freedom at any point. Neither bloc communism nor anti-communism was anything they wanted to combine. Jawahar Lal Nehru backed the “NON-Alignment Policy” because of this. According to Nehru, developing nations should prioritize growth and development over power politics. The Movement has constantly made a vital contribution to upholding global security and stability.
The Non-Alignment movement was founded by India. Three crucial figures in these movements were Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru, Marshal Tito of the former Yugoslavia, and Nasser of Egypt. In 1961, Belgrade hosted the inaugural Non-Alignment first summit. It began with 25 participants and has grown to be the largest informal, autonomous organisation with 120 members and 17 observers who reject bloc divides and sail ships of neutrality. In 1976’s fifth summit, the phrase “non-aligned movement” first arose, designating participating nations as “members of the movement.”
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