Permanent Methods

Surgical interventions block gamete transport and thereby prevent conception that is fertilization. This method is highly effective, but reversibility is poor.

Vasectomy 

It is a permanent method of contraception for males. In this method, both vas deferens are first ligated then bound, and then cut. It is a minor surgical procedure that is done free of cost at government hospitals. The release of testosterone, spermatogenesis, ejaculation, and erection continues but ejaculated semen is without sperm. It cause no effect on sexual desire. It is not effective immediately because sufficient sperms are present in the upper tract of the sperm duct (ampullary duct).

Tubectomy

It is a permanent method of contraception for females. In this method, a small part of the fallopian tube is removed or tied up through a small incision in the abdomen (laparotomy) or through the vagina or C-Section or Caesarean Section. It is effective immediately. The release of estrogen, menstrual cycle, and ovulation continues but the released oocyte is destroyed by phagocytosis in the fallopian tube.

Reproductive health means total well-being in all aspects of reproduction, i.e., physical, emotional, behavioral, and social. “Reproductive health” this chapter deals with problems due to population explosion, strategies for birth control, medical termination of pregnancy, and sexually transmitted diseases. Though in this article, we will be focusing on the topic of birth control, its need, and different types of birth control methods.