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Operations on Array

Types of Arrays

Complexity Analysis of Operations on Array

1. Array Traversal:

Array traversal involves visiting all the elements of the array once. Below is the implementation of Array traversal in different Languages:

C 
int arr[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
int len = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
// Traversing over arr[]
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    printf("%d ", arr[i]);
}
Java 
int arr[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
// Traversing over arr[]
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
    System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
Python 
import array
arr = array.array('i', [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
# Traversing over arr[]
for x in arr:
    print(x, end=" ")
C# 
int[] arr = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
// Traversing over arr[]
for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)
    Console.Write(" " + arr[i]);
JavaScript 
let arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
// Traversing over arr[]
for (let x of arr)
    console.log(x)
C++14 
int arr[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
int len = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
// Traversing over arr[]
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    cout << arr[i] << " ";

2. Insertion in Array:

We can insert one or multiple elements at any position in the array. Below is the implementation of Insertion in Array in different languages:

C++ 
// Function to insert element
// at a specific position
void insertElement(int arr[], int n, int x, int pos)
{
    // shift elements to the right
    // which are on the right side of pos
    for (int i = n - 1; i >= pos; i--)
        arr[i + 1] = arr[i];
 
    arr[pos] = x;
}
C 
// Function to insert element
// at a specific position
void insertElement(int arr[], int n, int x, int pos)
{
    // shift elements to the right
    // which are on the right side of pos
    for (int i = n - 1; i >= pos; i--)
        arr[i + 1] = arr[i];

    arr[pos] = x;
}
Java 
static void insertElement(int arr[], int n, int x, int pos)
{
    // shift elements to the right
    // which are on the right side of pos
    for (int i = n - 1; i >= pos; i--)
        arr[i + 1] = arr[i];
    arr[pos] = x;
}
Python 
# python Program to Insert an element
# at a specific position in an Array


def insertElement(arr, n, x, pos):

    # shift elements to the right
    # which are on the right side of pos
    for i in range(n-1, pos-1, -1):
        arr[i + 1] = arr[i]

    arr[pos] = x
C# 
static void insertElement(int[] arr, int n, int x, int pos)
{
    // shift elements to the right
    // which are on the right side of pos
    for (int i = n - 1; i >= pos; i--)
        arr[i + 1] = arr[i];
    arr[pos] = x;
}
JavaScript 
// javascript Program to Insert an element
// at a specific position in an Array
function insertElement(arr, n, x, pos)
{
    // shift elements to the right
    // which are on the right side of pos
    var i = n - 1;
    for (i; i >= pos; i--)
    {
        arr[i + 1] = arr[i];
    }
    arr[pos] = x;
}

Deletion in Array:

We can delete an element at any index in an array. Below is the implementation of Deletion of element in an array:

C++ 
// To search a key to be deleted
int findElement(int arr[], int n, int key);

// Function to delete an element
int deleteElement(int arr[], int n, int key)
{
    // Find position of element to be deleted
    int pos = findElement(arr, n, key);

    if (pos == -1) {
        cout << "Element not found";
        return n;
    }

    // Deleting element
    int i;
    for (i = pos; i < n - 1; i++)
        arr[i] = arr[i + 1];

    return n - 1;
}

// Function to implement search operation
int findElement(int arr[], int n, int key)
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
        if (arr[i] == key)
            return i;
    // Return -1 if key is not found
    return -1;
}
C++ 
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {

    cout << "GFG!";
    return 0;
}
C 
// C program to implement delete operation in a
// unsorted array
#include <stdio.h>
 
// To search a key to be deleted
int findElement(int arr[], int n, int key);
 
// Function to delete an element
int deleteElement(int arr[], int n, int key)
{
    // Find position of element to be deleted
    int pos = findElement(arr, n, key);
 
    if (pos == -1) {
        printf("Element not found");
        return n;
    }
 
    // Deleting element
    int i;
    for (i = pos; i < n - 1; i++)
        arr[i] = arr[i + 1];
 
    return n - 1;
}
 
// Function to implement search operation
int findElement(int arr[], int n, int key)
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
        if (arr[i] == key)
            return i;
     // Return -1 if key is not found
    return -1;
}
Java 
// function to search a key to
    // be deleted
    static int findElement(int arr[], int n, int key)
    {
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
            if (arr[i] == key)
                return i;
         // Return -1 if key is not found
        return -1;
    }
 
    // Function to delete an element
    static int deleteElement(int arr[], int n, int key)
    {
        // Find position of element to be
        // deleted
        int pos = findElement(arr, n, key);
 
        if (pos == -1) {
            System.out.println("Element not found");
            return n;
        }
 
        // Deleting element
        int i;
        for (i = pos; i < n - 1; i++)
            arr[i] = arr[i + 1];
 
        return n - 1;
    }
Python 
from array import array

# Function to search for a key in the array
def findElement(arr, n, key):
    for i in range(n):
          # Return the index if key is found
        if arr[i] == key:
            return i
    # Return -1 if key is not found
    return -1  

# Function to delete an element from the array
def deleteElement(arr, n, key):
    # Find position of element to be deleted
    pos = findElement(arr, n, key)

    if pos == -1:
        print("Element not found")
        return n

    # Deleting element
    for i in range(pos, n - 1):
        arr[i] = arr[i + 1]

    return n - 1
C# 
int findElement(int[] arr, int n, int key)
{

    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
        if (arr[i] == key)
            return i;

    return -1;
}

// Function to delete an element
int deleteElement(int[] arr, int n, int key)
{
    // Find position of element
    // to be deleted
    int pos = findElement(arr, n, key);

    if (pos == -1) {
        Console.WriteLine("Element not found");
        return n;
    }

    // Deleting element
    int i;
    for (i = pos; i < n - 1; i++)
        arr[i] = arr[i + 1];

    return n - 1;
}
JavaScript 
// function to search a key to  be deleted
function findElement(arr,n,key)
{
    let i;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
        if (arr[i] == key)
            return i;
    return -1;
} 
     
// Function to delete an element
function deleteElement(arr,n,key)
{
    // Find position of element to be deleted
    let pos = findElement(arr, n, key);
      
    if (pos == -1)
    {
        document.write("Element not found");
        return n;
    }
    // Deleting element
    let i;
    for (i = pos; i< n - 1; i++)
        arr[i] = arr[i + 1];
    return n - 1;
}

Searching in Array:

We can traverse over an array and search for an element. Below is the implementation of Deletion of element in an array:

C++ 
// Function to implement search operation
int findElement(int arr[], int n, int key)
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
        if (arr[i] == key)
            return i;
 
    // If the key is not found
    return -1;
}
C 
// Function to implement search operation
int findElement(int arr[], int n, int key)
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
        if (arr[i] == key)
            return i;
 
    // If the key is not found
    return -1;
}
Java 
// Function to implement search operation
int findElement(int arr[], int n, int key)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        if (arr[i] == key)
            return i;

    // If the key is not found
    return -1;
}
Python 
# Python program for searching in
# unsorted array

def findElement(arr, n, key):
    for i in range(n):
        if (arr[i] == key):
            return i
    # If the key is not found
    return -1
C# 
// Function to implement
// search operation
int findElement(int[] arr, int n, int key)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        if (arr[i] == key)
            return i;

    // If the key is not found
    return -1;
}
JavaScript 
// Function to implement search operation 
function findElement( arr, n, key)
{
    let i;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
        if (arr[i] == key)
            return i;
 
    return -1;
}

Getting Started with Array Data Structure

Array is a collection of items of the same variable type that are stored at contiguous memory locations. It is one of the most popular and simple data structures used in programming. In this article, we have decided to provide a complete guide for Arrays, which will help you to tackle any problem based on Arrays.

Table of Content

  • What is an Array?
  • Basic terminologies of array
  • Memory representation of Array
  • Declaration of Array
  • Initialization of Array
  • Importance of Array
  • Types of arrays
  • Operations on Array
  • Complexity Analysis of Operations on Array
  • Advantages of Array
  • Disadvantages of Array
  • Applications of Array
  • Top theoretical interview questions
  • Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on Arrays:

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What is an Array?

Array is a linear data structure that stores a collection of items of same data type in contiguous memory locations. Each item in an array is indexed starting with 0. We can directly access an array element by using its index value....

Basic terminologies of Array

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Memory representation of Array

In an array, all the elements are stored in contiguous memory locations. So, if we initialize an array...

Declaration of Array

Arrays can be declared in various ways in different languages. For better illustration, below are some language-specific array declarations:...

Initialization of Array

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Importance of Array

Assume there is a class of five students and if we have to keep records of their marks in examination then, we can do this by declaring five variables individual and keeping track of records but what if the number of students becomes very large, it would be challenging to manipulate and maintain the data....

Types of Arrays

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Operations on Array

1. Array Traversal:...

Complexity Analysis of Operations on Array

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Advantages of Array

Arrays allow random access to elements. This makes accessing elements by position faster.Arrays have better cache locality which makes a pretty big difference in performance.Arrays represent multiple data items of the same type using a single name.Arrays are used to implement the other data structures like linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, graphs, etc....

Disadvantages of Array

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Applications of Array

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Conclusion

After the discussion, we concluded that arrays are a simple method of accessing elements of the same type by grouping them and we can find the elements efficiently by their indexes and can perform different operations using them. Thus, they are more efficient when it comes to memory allocation and should be used in all modern programming languages. So, this becomes a favorite topic for the perspective of the interview and most of the companies generally asked about the problems on the array. For all these reasons, we must have a good knowledge of it....

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on Arrays

1. What is an array in data structure with example?...

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#DSA Tutorials #Data Structures #DSA #Data Structures

Types of Arrays

Complexity Analysis of Operations on Array

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