Intermediate Topics in PyTorch

After getting into the basics of PyTorch. Let us now discuss some intermediate topics. These intermediate topics will help you get mastery over the PyTorch and build advanced Machine Learning Models.

Optimizers

Optimizers are algorithms that aims to minimize the loss function. We can use these them to update the parameters of a model during the training process. You might think what parameters may affect the performance of the model. The parameters generally include weights and biases of the neural network. These parameters help us to improve the model’s accuracy. Various Optimizers help us to improve the PyTorch Model which are:

  • Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD): It updates parameters in the direction opposite to the gradient of the loss function with respect to the parameters.
  • Adam: It is based on the adaptive learning rate optimization that computes adaptive learning rates for each parameter. It combines the advantages of AdaGrad and RMSProp.
  • Adagrad: This algorithm adapts the learning rate of each parameter based on the historical gradients.

Loss Functions

Using Loss Function, we can quantify the difference between the predicted output and of a model and actual target labels. Hence, Loss Functions have to be minimized so that the model can predict the accurate outputs. The following are the most commonly used Loss Function:

  • Mean Squared Error (MSE): It calculates the average squared difference between predicted and actual values.
  • Cross-Entropy Loss: This measures the dissimilarity between the predicted probability distribution and the actual distribution of class labels.
  • Binary Cross-Entropy Loss: This function is the special case of the cross-entropy loss used for binary classification tasks.
  • Categorical Cross-Entropy Loss: This loss function calculates the cross-entropy loss between the predicted class probabilities and the one-hot encoded target labels.

Start learning PyTorch for Beginners

Machine Learning helps us to extract meaningful insights from the data. But now, it is capable of mimicking the human brain. This is done using neural networks, which contain the various interconnected layers of nodes containing the data. This data is passed to forward layers. Subsequently, the model learns from the data and predicts output for the new data.

PyTorch helps us to create and train these neural networks that act like our brains and learn from the data.

Table of Content

  • What is Pytorch?
  • Why use PyTorch?
  • How to install Pytorch ?
  • PyTorch Basics
  • Autograd: Automatic Differentiation in PyTorch
  • Neural Networks in PyTorch
  • Working with Data in PyTorch
  • Intermediate Topics in PyTorch
  • Validation and Testing
  • Frequently Asked Questions

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What is Pytorch?

PyTorch is an open-source machine learning library for Python developed by Facebook’s AI Research Lab (FAIR). It is widely used for building deep learning models and conducting research in various fields like computer vision, natural language processing, and reinforcement learning. One of the key features of PyTorch is its dynamic computational graph, which allows for more flexible and intuitive model construction compared to static graph frameworks. PyTorch also offers seamless integration with other popular libraries like NumPy, making it easier to work with tensors and multidimensional arrays....

Why use PyTorch?

It supports tensor computation: Tensor is the data structure that is similar to the networks, array. It is an n-dimensional array that contains the data. We can perform arbitrary numeric computation on these arrays using the APIs. It provides Dynamic Graph Computation: This feature allows us to define the computational graphs dynamically during runtime. This makes it more flexible than the static computation graphs approach in which where the graph structure is fixed and defined before execution, It provides the Automatic Differentiation: The Autograd package automatically computes the gradients that are crucial for training the model using optimization algorithms. Thus, we can perform operations on tensors without manually calculating gradients. It has Support for Python: It has native support for the Python programming language. Thus, we can easily integrate with existing Python workflows and libraries. This is the reason why it is used by the machine learning and data science communities. It has its production environment: PyTorch has the TorchScript which is the high-performance environment for serializing and executing PyTorch models. You can easily compile PyTorch models into a portable intermediate representation (IR) format. Due to this, we can deploy the model on various platforms and devices without requiring the original Python code....

How to install Pytorch ?

To install PyTorch, you can use the pip package manager, which is the standard tool for installing Python packages. You can install PyTorch using the following command:...

PyTorch Basics

PyTorch Tensors: Creation, Manipulation, and Operations...

Autograd: Automatic Differentiation in PyTorch

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Neural Networks in PyTorch

Now, we will shift our focus on Autograd which is one of the most important topics in the PyTorch basics. The Autograd Module of PyTorch provides the automatic calculation of the gradients. It means that we do not need to calculate the gradients explicitly. You might be thinking what gradient is. So, the gradient represents the rate of change of functions with respect to parameters. This helps us to identify the difference between the predicted outputs and actual labels....

Working with Data in PyTorch

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Intermediate Topics in PyTorch

Basics of nn.Module and nn.Parameter...

Validation and Testing

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Conclusion

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Frequently Asked Questions

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