Important Terminologies of Sampling in Digital Communication
There are few important terminologies of Sampling in Digital Communication discussed below :
- Sampling
- Sample
- Sampling Rate or Sampling Frequency
- Nyquist Rate
- Nyquist Interval
- Quantization
1. Sampling
It is the process by which, we convert CTS (continuous time signal) into DTS (discrete time signal) by taking the signal values at some distinct points in time, meaning that this is used to take samples of analog signals at some points in time (regular or irregular)
2. Sample
It can be defined as the numeric value of an analog signal at a specific time. It is just the signal’s measured amplitude at a particular time and converting it to a digital representation.
3. Sampling Rate or Sampling Frequency
It refers to the number of samples or data points taken per unit of time from an analog signal to convert it into a digital format. It is also known as sampling frequency. It is measured in Hertz (Hz).
The formula for sampling rate or sampling frequency is given by:
[Tex]Sampling Rate = \frac{1}{T_{s}} = f_{s} [/Tex]
where,
Ts = sampling time
fs = sampling
4. Nyquist Rate
It is the minimum sampling rate required to accurately capture an analog signal in digital form without information loss. It is also known as Nyquist Frequency or Nyquist Limit.
It is defined as twice the maximum frequency component present in the analog signal. Mathematically it can be represented as:
[Tex]f_{s} = 2f_{max} [/Tex]
where,
fs = Sampling Rate or Nyquist Rate (Hz)
fmax = Maximum frequency component (Hz)
Note: The sampling theorem was stated on the basis of Nyquist rate.
5. Nyquist Interval
The Nyquist interval, also known as the Nyquist period, is the time interval between consecutive samples in a digital signal or digital sampling system. It is the reciprocal of the Nyquist rate, which is the smallest sampling rate required to accurately capture an analog signal in digital form without information loss. Mathematically it can be represented as:
[Tex]T = \frac{1}{Nyquist Rate} [/Tex]
Where,
T = Nyquist interval (sec)
Nyquist Rate is the sampling rate (Hz)
6. Quantization
It is the process to represent a continuous-valued signal with a limited set of discrete values. In other words, it involves mapping a continuous signal’s infinite range of potential values to a finite collection of discrete values.
Quantization of a Signal
Sampling in Digital Communication
Sampling in digital communication is converting a continuous-time signal into a discrete-time signal. It can also be defined as the process of measuring the discrete instantaneous values of a continuous-time signal.
Digital signals are easier to store and have a higher chance of repressing noise. This makes sampling an important step in converting analog signals to digital signals with its primary purpose as representing analog signals in a discrete format.
- Sampling Process in Digital Communication
- Nyquist – Shannon Sampling Theorem
- Oversampling & Undersampling
- Aliasing
- Why Sampling is Required?
- Methods of Sampling
- Scope of Fourier Transform
- Solved Examples on Sampling
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