Implementation of 73rd and 74th Amendments
Since the implementation of the 73rd and 74th amendments, all states have enacted laws to adhere to these amendments, leading to the establishment of a uniform structure for Panchayati Raj and Nagarpalika institutions across the country. With over 600 Zilla Panchayats, 6,000 Block or Intermediary Panchayats, and 2,40,000 Gram Panchayats in rural areas, as well as over 100 city Corporations, 1,400 Town Municipalities, and 2,000 Nagar Panchayats in urban areas, there has been a significant increase in the number of elected representatives, especially women.
The introduction of reservations for women has resulted in a substantial representation of women in local bodies, with many holding leadership positions such as Adhyakshas and Sarpanchas. Similarly, reservations for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes have diversified the social profile of local bodies, although tensions may arise from power struggles among dominant social groups.
Despite the constitutional assignment of 29 subjects to local governments, many states have not fully transferred these subjects, limiting the autonomy and effectiveness of local bodies. This reliance on state and central governments for financial support has hindered the ability of local bodies to operate effectively, as they generate minimal revenue compared to their expenditures.
Overall, while the establishment of local bodies has provided a platform for grassroots participation and diversified representation, the gap between theoretical mandates and practical implementation remains a challenge, as local bodies continue to face limitations in decision-making and resource allocation.
Implementation of 73rd and 74th Amendments| Class 11 Polity Notes
Since the enactment of the 73rd and 74th amendments, significant progress has been made in the implementation of local governance structures across India.
States have adopted legislation to align with these amendments, leading to multiple rounds of elections at the local level.
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