Functional Group Table
The table of most of the useful functional groups is as follows:
| Functional Group and Formula | Suffix | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Halo Alkanes, R-X | Alkyl Halide | Ethyl Chloride |
| Alcohol, R-OH | -ol | Butanol, Propanol |
| Aldehyde, R-CHO | -al | Methnal (Formeldehyde) |
| Carboxylate, R-COO– | -oate | Sodium Ethanoate (Sodium Acetate) |
| Carboxylic Acid, R-COOH | -oic acid | Ethanoic Acid (Acetic Acid) |
| Ester, R-(CO)-O-R’ | Alkyl Alkanoate | Ethyl Butanoate (Ethyl Butyrate) |
| Acyl Halide, R-(CO)-X | -oyl halide | Ethanoyl Chloride (Acetyl chloride) |
| Ether, R-O-R’ | Alkyl Ether | Diethyl Ether (Ethoxyethane) |
Functional Groups
Functional Groups if added to hydrocarbons change their functionality and properties. A hydrocarbon is a compound made up of hydrogen and carbon, which can be either saturated or unsaturated. A saturated hydrocarbon is one in which the carbon atoms are joined by only a single bond and an unsaturated hydrocarbon is one in which a double or triple bond between carbon atoms is present. Generally, a saturated hydrocarbon is very less reactive, but when another ‘atom’ or ‘group of atoms’ is attached to it, the resulting molecule becomes highly reactive depending on the attached group. The other ‘atom’ or ‘group of atoms in a carbon compound is called a functional group.
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