Force in a Magnetic Field
The movement of charges generates a magnetic field and the magnetic force exerted in that field is referred to as the force produced by the magnetic field. The fundamental property of matter that allows it to produce and experience electrical and magnetic effects is called charge. The magnetic field of a magnet is a specific area in space where the magnet exerts its magnetic effect. Assume that there is a point charge q that is present in the magnetic field B (r) and the electric field E (r) and that it is traveling at a velocity of v while being placed at r at a particular time t. The force exerted by both of them on an electric charge q can be expressed as,
F = q [E(r) + v × B(r)] = FElectric + Fmagnetic
This formula was stated by H.A. Lorentz for the force due to the electric field, based on the extensive experiments of Ampere and others. It is also called the Lorentz force.
Force between Two Parallel Current Carrying Conductors
Moving charges produce an electric field and the rate of flow of charge is known as current. This is the basic concept in Electrostatics. The magnetic effect of electric current is the other important phenomenon related to moving electric charges. Magnetism is generated due to the flow of current. Magnetic fields exert force on the moving charges and at the same time on other magnets, all of which have moving charges. When the charges are stationary, their magnetic field doesn’t affect the magnet but when charges move, they produce magnetic fields that exert force on other magnets.
Magnetism is produced by the movement of charges around a conductor. Magnetism is often a property exhibited by magnets and caused by moving charges that force objects to be pulled or pushed away.
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