Thread Scheduling

1. What is a time slice or quantum in thread scheduling?

A time slice, also known as a quantum, is the maximum amount of time a thread is allowed to execute before the scheduler can potentially switch to another thread. Preemptive scheduling algorithms use time slices to ensure fairness and prevent threads from monopolizing the CPU.

2. How do priority levels affect thread scheduling?

Thread scheduling algorithms often use priority levels to determine which thread should run next. Higher-priority threads are given preference over lower-priority threads. Priority-based scheduling helps manage the urgency and importance of different threads.
 



Thread Scheduling

There is a component in Java that basically decides which thread should execute or get a resource in the operating system.

Scheduling of threads involves two boundary scheduling.

  1. Scheduling of user-level threads (ULT) to kernel-level threads (KLT) via lightweight process (LWP) by the application developer.
  2. Scheduling of kernel-level threads by the system scheduler to perform different unique OS functions.

Similar Reads

Lightweight Process (LWP)

Light-weight process are threads in the user space that acts as an interface for the ULT to access the physical CPU resources. Thread library schedules which thread of a process to run on which LWP and how long. The number of LWPs created by the thread library depends on the type of application. In the case of an I/O bound application, the number of LWPs depends on the number of user-level threads. This is because when an LWP is blocked on an I/O operation, then to invoke the other ULT the thread library needs to create and schedule another LWP. Thus, in an I/O bound application, the number of LWP is equal to the number of the ULT. In the case of a CPU-bound application, it depends only on the application. Each LWP is attached to a separate kernel-level thread....

Contention Scope

The word contention here refers to the competition or fight among the User level threads to access the kernel resources. Thus, this control defines the extent to which contention takes place. It is defined by the application developer using the thread library....

Allocation Domain

The allocation domain is a set of one or more resources for which a thread is competing. In a multicore system, there may be one or more allocation domains where each consists of one or more cores. One ULT can be a part of one or more allocation domain. Due to this high complexity in dealing with hardware and software architectural interfaces, this control is not specified. But by default, the multicore system will have an interface that affects the allocation domain of a thread....

Advantages of PCS over SCS

If all threads are PCS, then context switching, synchronization, scheduling everything takes place within the userspace. This reduces system calls and achieves better performance.  PCS is cheaper than SCS.  PCS threads share one or more available LWPs. For every SCS thread, a separate LWP is associated.For every system call, a separate KLT is created.  The number of KLT and LWPs created highly depends on the number of SCS threads created. This increases the kernel complexity of handling scheduling and synchronization. Thereby, results in a limitation over SCS thread creation, stating that, the number of SCS threads to be smaller than the number of PCS threads.  If the system has more than one allocation domain, then scheduling and synchronization of resources becomes more tedious. Issues arise when an SCS thread is a part of more than one allocation domain, the system has to handle n number of interfaces....

FAQs on Thread Scheduling

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