Examples of Sigma and Pi Bonds
There are various examples of sigma and pi bonds. Let’s discuss some examples as follows:
Sigma and Pi Bonds in Ethene (C2H4)
In molecules with double (π) or triple (σ) bonds, sigma bonds also exist in addition to the pi bonds. For example, in ethene (C2H4), the carbon-carbon bond contains one sigma bond and one pi bond.
The sigma bond is the one directly between the two carbon atoms (C-C), and the pi bond forms above and below the sigma bond in the p-orbitals of the carbon atoms.
Sigma and Pi Bonds in Acetylene (C2H2)
Acetylene (C2H2) contains a triple bond between the two carbon atoms. This triple bond consists of one sigma bond and two pi bonds:
In this case, two pi bonds are present above and below the sigma bond. The pi bonds are formed by the lateral overlap of the p-orbitals of the carbon atoms.
Sigma and Pi Bonds in Benzene
In benzene (C6H6), there are six sigma (σ) bonds formed by head-on overlap of atomic orbitals, providing structural stability. Additionally, there are three pi (π) bonds associated with the alternating double bonds in the hexagonal ring, contributing to the molecule’s unique stability and reactivity due to the delocalized electron cloud above and below the ring.
Sigma and Pi Bonds
Sigma and Pi bonds are the two types of covalent bonds found in molecules and compounds. Sigma and Pi Bonds play a crucial role in understanding the structure, stability, and reactivity of a wide range of chemical species. Sigma bonds are characterized by their head-on overlap, greater electron density along the bond axis, and the ability to rotate freely. Pi bonds, on the other hand, involve parallel p-orbital overlap, electron density above and below the internuclear axis, and restrict rotation to some degree.
In this article, we will discuss the concept of sigma and pi bonds including their various examples, characteristics, and key differences between both the bonds. By the end of this article, you will have a solid understanding of these essential covalent bonds i.e., Sigma and Pi Bonds; and their significance in the world of chemistry.
Table of Content
- What is Sigma Bond?
- Types of Sigma Bond
- What are Pi Bonds?
- Sigma and Pi Bonds Differences
- Significance of Sigma and Pi Bonds in Chemical Bonding
Contact Us