Disease
A disease can be defined as an illness or sickness that shows specific signs or symptoms.
Causes of Diseases
- Heredity: It is the transmission of some deficiencies or defects which is inherited by a child from the parents by birth.
- Infections: These can be caused by some pathogens, i.e. disease-causing organisms.
- Unhealthy lifestyle: It includes a lack of exercise and consumption of tobacco and alcohol.
Diseases Can Be Classified Into
- Infectious or Communicable Diseases: Infectious diseases are diseases that are caused by some disease-causing organisms or pathogens, e.g. bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protozoans. These diseases can be passed from an unhealthy person to a healthy person.
- Non-infectious or Non-Communicable Diseases: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are diseases that are not transmitted by pathogens. They can be caused by unhealthy lifestyles, unbalanced diets, improper vaccination, etc. They are also known as chronic diseases as they remain for a long duration e.g. diabetes, heart ailments, cancer, etc.
Also Read: Common Disease in Humans
NCERT Notes on Class 12 Biology Chapter 7 – Human Health and Disease
NCERT Chapter 7 of Class 12 Notes on Human Health and Disease: According to the World Health Organisation, health can be defined as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity. Good health has many benefits like it helps to keep us happy. Our skin, teeth, and eyes remain healthy, support muscles, enhance immunity, strengthen bones, and lower the risk of heart ailments, diabetes, and some cancers. It also supports healthy pregnancies and breastfeeding among women.
NCERT Notes on Chapter 7 Human Health and Disease: On the other hand, disease is any undesirable change in our body that may keep us disturbed whether it is physical, mental, or social. Our body can undergo a number of changes like any of the organs can stop functioning in a proper way which can also be associated with some other signs and symptoms. In plants and animals, the disease can also be occurred by pathogens, i.e. disease-causing organisms such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and certain types of invertebrates like tapeworms, wuchereria. Unhygienic surroundings, nutritional deficiencies, and unhealthy lifestyles also cause diseases.
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