Cells of the Bone

Morphology and Structure of Bones in Human Body

Bone cells are made up of four types of cells:

Osteoblasts

They form 4-6 % of are present on a bone surface. They have cuboidal shape. They are considered to have originated from mesenchymal cells i.e. pluripotent bone marrow cells. Osteoblasts form a new bone structure and also facilitate calcium and collagen deposition at the new bone surface. The cell to cell communication by association of osteoblasts to messenger system and arrangement at the bone surface area has a role in bone remodelling.

Osteoclasts

They are large multinucleated phagocytic cells. Osteoclasts are formed in hematopoietic stem cells and migrate to specific skeletal sites. They have a role in bone resorption in other words dissolving the bone which results in bone remodelling. Abnormal increase in osteoclasts lead to some bone diseases such as osteoporosis decreasing bone density and increasing chances of bone fracture.

Osteocytes

Osteocytes are entrapped osteoblasts. There are about 25,000 osteocytes per mm3 of bone forming 95% of total bone cell volume. They have an important function in the bone remodelling cycle. By sensing the pressure and cracks in the bone structure, they direct osteoclasts to dissolve the bone thus filling the gaps within the cracks.

Osteogenic Cell

Osteogenic cells, also known as osteoprogenitor cells, are a type of mesenchymal stem cell found in bone tissue. Osteogenic cells are located in the inner layer of the periosteum and the endosteum. These cells are responsible for the formation of new bone tissue through a process called osteogenesis.

Also Read: Difference Between Rbc And Wbc

Types of Bones

Bone Anatomy – Functions, and Types

Bones are essential organs of the skeletal system in vertebrates, providing structural support and protection to internal organs. They also facilitate movement, blood cell production, and mineral storage. Bones in the human body are made of bone tissue, cartilage, marrow, blood vessels, and nerves.

Each bone has a specific function and shape. Bone growth and remodeling occur throughout life. These processes are regulated by ossification and bone resorption. Let us discuss bones, their structure, function, and more in detail.

Table of Content

What is Bone?
Morphology and Structure of Bones in Human Body
Cells of the Bone
Types of Bones
Functions of Bones
What is Bone Resorption and Bone Remodelling