Building an Incidence Matrix from a Graph

Here’s how to build an incidence matrix for a given graph:

• Identify the number of vertices (V) and edges (E).
• Create a (V x E) matrix filled with zeros.
• Iterate through each edge in the graph.
  • For each edge, find the two vertices it connects.
  • Set the corresponding elements in the matrix to 1 for those vertices and that edge.

In graph theory, an incidence matrix is a matrix that shows the relationship between vertices and edges in a graph. This matrix is a fundamental tool used in various applications, including network analysis, circuit design, and computer science. This article will cover the basics of incidence matrices, how to create and manipulate them using Python.