Biogeography

The interface between physical geography and human geography has led to the development of Biogeography, which encompasses:

(i) Plant Geography: This area studies the spatial patterns of natural vegetation in their habitats.

(ii) Zoo Geography: Zoo Geography focuses on the spatial patterns and geographic characteristics of animals and their habitats.

(iii) Ecology/Ecosystem: Ecology and Ecosystem studies the scientific aspects of habitats characteristic of species, including their interactions and dynamics.

(iv) Environmental Geography: Environmental Geography addresses worldwide environmental issues such as land degradation, pollution, and conservation concerns. It aims to understand and address these challenges through geographical perspectives.

Class 11 Geography: Branches of Geography (Based on Systematic Approach): The two major approaches to studying geography are the systematic and regional approaches. The systematic approach, pioneered by Alexander Von Humboldt, involves studying phenomena worldwide and identifying typologies or spatial patterns. On the other hand, the regional approach, developed by Karl Ritter, divides the world into regions at different hierarchical levels and studies all geographical phenomena within a particular region.

Dualism is a characteristic of geography, reflecting the emphasis placed on either physical or human geography. While early scholars focused on physical geography, it became apparent that humans are an integral part of the Earth’s surface and have contributed significantly through cultural development. Thus, human geography emerged, emphasizing human activities alongside the study of nature.

In this article, we will delve deep into the topic of “Branches of Geography (Based on Systematic Approach)” from the NCERT Class 12 Geography Book. These notes are specially curated by an expert team at w3wiki for all the students.