Atomic Structure
What is Atomic Structure?
The arrangement of sub atomic particles electron, proton and neutron inside an atom is called atomic structure.
What is Thomson’s Atomic Model?
According to Thomson’s Atomic Model, an atom is a sphere of positive charge with negative charge embedded in it.
Who discovered Nucleus?
Nucleus of Atom by discovered by Ernst Rutherford in 1911 in his Alpha Particle Scattering Experiment.
What is Rutherford’s Atomic Model?
According to Rutherford’s Atomic Model, proton and neutron are confined in a small region inside atom called nucleus and electron revolve around the nucleus.
What is Aufbau Principle?
Aufbau Principle states that the electron enter in subshells of an atom in the order of increasing energy level.
How do electrons behave in an atom?
Electrons orbit the nucleus in specific regions called orbitals, each with a defined energy level. The behavior and arrangement of these electrons can significantly influence the chemical properties of an element.
What is the significance of quantum numbers in atomic structure?
Quantum numbers describe values of conserved quantities in the dynamics of the quantum system. They include the principal quantum number (n), orbital angular momentum (l), magnetic quantum number (m), and spin quantum number (s), which together describe the properties of electrons within an atom.
How do electron transitions affect atomic energy?
When electrons transition between different energy levels within an atom, they absorb or emit energy in the form of photons. This principle is crucial in understanding phenomena like spectral lines and electronic transitions in various elements.
What role does atomic structure play in chemical reactions?
Knowledge of atomic structure is essential for predicting how elements react chemically, understanding periodic trends, and performing accurate stoichiometric calculations, which are foundational in chemical synthesis and reactions.
Atomic Structure
Atomic structure is the structure of an atom that consists of a nucleus at the center containing neutrons and protons, while electrons revolve around the nucleus. Atoms are made up of a very tiny, positively charged nucleus that is surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons.
The earliest concept of atoms was given by Indian philosopher Maharshi Kanad who proposed that matter is made up of microscopic indestructible particles called ‘Parmanu’. A Greek philosopher named Democritus also initially claimed that matter is formed of atoms, and is credited with developing the concepts of atomic structure and quantum mechanics. Later in the 1800s, John Dalton a British Scientist put out the first atomic structure scientific theory.
This article explores the concept of atomic structure in detail, including the atomic models, and the concept of quantum theory.
Table of Content
- What is Atomic Structure?
- Atomic Models
- Dalton’s Atomic Theory
- Postulates of Dalton’s Atomic Theory
- Demerits of Dalton’s Atomic Theory
- Thomson’s Atomic Model
- Cathode Ray Experiment
- Observations of Cathode Ray Experiment
- Discovery of Electron
- Plum Pudding Model
- Drawbacks of Thomson’s Atomic Model
- Rutherford Atomic Model
- Alpha Ray Scattering Experiment
- Observation of Alpha Ray Scattering Experiment
- Conclusion of Rutherford’s model
- Discovery of Nucleus
- Limitations of Rutherford Atomic Model
- Bohr’s Atomic Model
- Postulates of Bohr’s Atomic Theory
- Limitations of Bohr’s Atomic Theory
- Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom
- Dual Behaviour of Matter
- Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
- Schrodinger Wave Equation
- Postulates of Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom
- Quantum Number
- Principal Quantum Number(n)
- Azimuthal Quantum Number(l)
- Magnetic Quantum Number(ml)
- Spin Quantum Number(ms)
- Subatomic Particles
- Isotopes
- Atomic Structure of Isotopes
- Electronic Configuration of Elements
- Aufbau Principle
- Hund’s Rule
- Pauli Exclusion Principle
- Atomic Structure Class 11
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