How to usethe Mathematical Approach (Summation of first N natural Numbers) in Javascript

The sum of the first N natural Numbers in a Range [1, N] is given by N * (N + 1) / 2.

To find the missing number, first find the sum of the first N natural number using the formula. And then use array traversal using a loop (for / while, …) and find the sum of array elements. At last, subtract the sum of array elements from the sum of natural numbers to find the missing element of an array.

Syntax:

missingElement = (N * (N + 1) / 1) - Sum of Array Elements

Example: The function findMissingNumber calculates the missing number in an array by finding the difference between the sum of the expected sequence and the sum of the array elements.

Javascript
function findMissingNumber(arr) {
    const n = arr.length + 1;
    const sumOfFirstN = (n * (n + 1)) / 2;

    let sumOfArray = 0;
    for (let i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
        sumOfArray = sumOfArray + arr[i];
    }

    let missingNumber = sumOfFirstN - sumOfArray;

    return missingNumber;
}

const arr = [1, 2, 5, 4, 6, 8, 7];
const missingNumber = findMissingNumber(arr);
console.log("Missing Number: ", missingNumber);

Output
Missing Number:  3

JavaScript Program to Find the Missing Number

Given an array of size N-1 with integers in the range of [1, N]. The task is to find the missing number from the first N integers. There are no duplicate elements allowed in the array.

Examples:

Input :  arr = [1, 2, 3, 5]
Output : 4
Input : arr = [1, 4, 3, 2, 6, 5, 7, 10, 9]
Output : 8

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